great gatsby :: essays research papers

Now we concur an Ameri fag end masterpiece in its final form the original lechatelierite has shaped itself into the true diamond.(James Dickey)     The gravid Gatsby, pen by F. Scott Fitzgerald is deemed to be a trueclassic in all terms. The Novel is a unaltered masterpiece that any era throughouthistory can bushel to. Though written in the 1920s The Great Gatsby stands as... champion of the masterpieces of the twentieth century American literature . Thebook has transcended its own be on and turned into a timeless classic. Thenovel may dupe been written to justify society at that time, however the entirestoryline can be related to anyone that reads it.     William Faulkner is an author who wrote a famous Nobel Prize betrothal speech. He writes not of love but lust, of defeats in which nobodyloses anything of value, of victories without desire and worst of all, without pity or blessing. Here Faulkner speaks of issues that also pertain to that of TheGreat Gatsby. Gatsby desired Daisy throughout the entire story. Everything hedid and thought had been decided upon by his undying lust. When Daisymarried Tom, Gatsby lost his chance with her. Then Gatsby won a glance athappiness with Daisy when she fell in love with him. there was no hope though,his poor youth kept him from being an aristocrat. Daisy hardly wanted to be withan aristocrat. Finally when Faulkner said without pity or compassion thisrelates to The Great Gatsby in how Tom and Daisy packed up and moved farawayaway without even showing their faces at Gatsbys funeral.     The Plot of the novel, is found on the fact that the newly rich, (those whowere not born into money, but have acquired it over time), will never have the power ofthose who were born in to family wealth. The wo art object that Gatsby, the maincharacter, is in love with, is married to Tom, a man of higher power than Gatsby.     Living in East Egg, th e couple looked mass on those in West Egg. WestEgg was The less with-it of the two,(pg. 9) the area where those who hadjust acquired their new money lived.     Daisy, Gatsbys love interest, leave him after their past relationshipand married Tom while Gatsby was at war. Gatsbys newly obtained money wasstill not good passable for Daisy. This type of scenario is still typical today insociety. Much of the reality today is based on materialism and the worth of onesfortune is more valuable than their own happiness.     For the most part the characters, their problems they face, and how they

Birth and Family Life Jose Rizal

Birth and Family Life Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861. It was a Wednesday evening in Calamba, Laguna, and his incur nearly died in the process. He was baptized three days later, on June 22, by the parish priest of the Catholic church in his town, Fr. Rufino Collantes from Batangas. His godfather, Fr. Pedro Casanas, was a close family friend. Rizals mother realized him after St. Joseph, to whom she was ardently devoted. He was born in Calamba, Laguna (a few kilometers south of manila paper) on June 19, 1861 and spent most of his puerility days in Calamba.At the age of 8 in 1869 he wrote his scratch known poem To my Fellow Children (in Tagalog) where he encourages the love for ones native language. On June 10, 1872 he started his secondary education in Manila at the Ateneo de Letran. On November 14, 1874 he wrote a poem titled felicitation as a birthday greeting to the husband of his sister Narcisa. On December 5, 1875 he wrote 3 more poems for which at the end of the trail year in March 1876 won him five medals for his talent in poetry.On April 1, 1876 (age 15) he writes 2 more poems namely Intimate Alliance of devotion and good Education and Education gives Luster to the Country. During the summer months bandage on vacation he wrote a poem called San Eustaquio, a kill. On December 3, 1876 he writes 3 more poems El cautiverio y el triunfo or The Captivity and the Triumph, Entrada triunfal de los Reyes Catolicos en Granada or The imperious entrance of the Catholic Kings in Granada, and La Conquista de Granada or The Conquest of Granada. On March 14, 1877 he received his Bachelor of Arts degree.On November 22, 1879 his poem A la Juventud Filipino (To the Filipino Youth) won first boodle in a poetry contest and an honorable mention from the governance loosely translated Association of the Friends of the sustainland. Notably also he wrote an seek or prose entitled The Council of Gods which was about the Greek/Roman mythological gods and goddesse s which showed his abstruse knowledge of the subject. He started his medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila (the oldest university in the Far East) but stopped because of the unfair treatment by the Dominican Friars of Filipino students.On may 3, 1882 he left the Philippines for Spain where he studied to be a doctor at the Universidad de Madrid. While in Europe he lived in Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Austria until July 3, 1887 when he returned to the Philippines for a brief period. RIZALS FAMILY Francisco Mercado Rizal was born on May 11, 1818 in Binan, Laguna. He was a graduate of the College of San Jose in Manila, studying Latin and Philosophy. Francisco moved to Calamba to become a tenant-farmer of a hacienda owned by the Dominicans. He died at the age of 80 on January 5, 1898 in Manila.About his father, Jose Rizal says that he is a model of fathers. Teodora Alonso Realonda was born on November 8, 1926 in Manila. She was a graduate of the College of Santa Rosa. She died at the age of 85 on August 16, 1911 in Manila. About his mother, Jose Rizal says, My mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture she knows literature and speaks Spanish better than I. She corrected my poems and gave me good advice when I was studying rhetoric. She is a mathematician and has hit the books many books. Rizal is the seventh of eleven children 1. Saturnina 2. Paciano 3. Narcisa 4. Olimpia 5. Lucia 6.Maria 7. Jose 8. Concepcion 9. Josefa 10. Trinidad 11. Soledad Rizals family was a mixture of races. They were a conspiracy of Negrito, Malay, Indonesian, Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish, though Jose was predominantly Malayan. THE SURNAME Mercado was the original surname of the Rizal family. Domingo Lamco, Joses great-great-grandfather, adopted the name Rizal in 1731 and it became a second surname of the family. In Joses letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt, he says I am the only Rizal in because at home my parents, my sisters my brother, and my relat ives devote always preferred our old surname Mercado.Our family name was in accompaniment Mercado, but there were many Mercados in the Philippines who are not colligate to us. It is said that an alcalde mayor, who was a friend of our family added Rizal to our name. My family did not pay much attending to this, but now I have to use it. In this way, it seems that I am an illegitimate son. THE MERCADO (RIZAL) FAMILY The Rizals is considered as one of the biggest families during their time. Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and nevertheless Negrito blood aside from Chinese.Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother. FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Binan, Laguna on April 18, 1818 studied in San Jose College, Manila and died in Manila. TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read.She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila. SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas . PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. examine at San Jose College in Manila became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal a teacher and musician. OLIMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo died in 1887 from childbirth.LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) The fifth child. Married Mariano Herbosa. MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) The ordinal child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Lagun a. JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) The eight child. Died at the age of three. JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

Crushing the Native Americans

After the Civil warfare, Indians inhabited closely half of the United States. White Americans were urged to move west and settle, not pickings regard that Native Americans already lived there. By the late 1800s most Indians had mixed-up their land and had been driven onto reservations. Eastern Indians had already been forced to the west. A yield of tribes werent cooperative with moving onto reservations and changing their customs. This caused many another(prenominal) battles between whiteneds and Native Americans.During the bills Rush of 1849, a lot of Native Americans were killed by white illness and minors burning their villages. These events were significant because they contributed to an up rise between white Americans and Indians. On November 29, 1864, Colonel John M. Chivington led an attack on the Cheyeane and Arapaho. They killed and scalped men, women, and children. I desire this was important because it showed the disregard for the tribes and how ruthless the whites were once against them, but also warranted a treaty. The Fetterman kill that took place in December 1866 was a big part of theSioux War of 1865-1867. Red Cloud, the Sioux Chief, lured Fettermans army into an ambush and wiped out all of them. This took place again because of gold rush invasion and only shows the results of someone trying to interpret anothers homeland. http//www. indians. org/articles/native-american-indians. html The Native American Indians were forced out of their homeland, resulting in many issues and events including the Trail of Tears. Most of them eventually converted to the European way of career by dressing the same and changing their religion to Christianity.

Effective institution & education

In the increasing diversity and challenges in education, every assimilator looks for an effective institution that willing cater their ask and interests as an individual. all(prenominal) one determines the need to be comfortable not only in the curriculum or degree they are taking but at the same time the availability to expand their knowl raciness and experience immaterial the four walls of the classroom.In the end, the integral part of the learning process involves synchronizing assimilator goals with the framework of the school/college.The choice of education has always been an important decision for me as I engage into an early(a) phase of my life. I tang the need to prefer a school that will cater to my accede as a scholar and at the same time twist opportunities to grow in my other talents and capabilities. Moreover, it must also showcase a nurturing environment where I screw establish healthy social relationships with my peers and colleagues.Lastly, I favor an ed ucational institution that will accommodate for my holistic maturity date as an individual. With all of these, Gonzaga College High School came into my mind.One important reason how the Gonzaga will benefit me as a student is the fact that it piece of tail armed service as my training ground to switch the necessary skills to be combative amongst my counterparts. Its curriculum boasts numerous classroom programs aimed towards enhancing potentials inside and outside the classroom.Likewise, it potful nurture in me the discipline and proper attitude to address work and study. By tolerant me these relative experiences, I go off better deal with more complex and complicated situations without compromising effectiveness and quality of work.Another reason that Gonzaga layabout provide assistance in my education is its ability to harness my other capabilities and talents. With my current interest in lacrosse, I feel that I can be a good contribution to the team if ever I am accept ed. I will try to the utmost of my capacity to find it one of the best in the league.On the other hand, my musical inclination can be enhanced by the school as well. By giving me the opportunity to play in a musical band, my guitar skills can be better and at the same time provide enjoyment to listeners.Lastly, I do believe that Gonzaga can supply my interests as a student which is why it has been my first choice for attending and independent school. This is because I do not believe that the public school system can engender me the sufficient academic and social environment that student like myself desires and needs for future advancement.With a better management and dedicated educators, I feel that making this choice shall never be a mistake. This is why I firmly believe that the admission in Gonzaga will give me an edge and provide a learning environment in which I can use to excel and pave the way for a good college education.In the end, it may be true that a good educational institution is secure for the student to have a better future. However, it must also take the dedication and perseverance of an individual to succeed. I believe that I to a fault must also contribute to my overall improvement.Though the school can have the necessary tools towards attaining these objectives, the rest of the process still rests on my part. Due to this, I feel that having the proper attitude and mindset towards education and learning can supplement what the school and teachers provide. It is this merging and continuous exchange between dickens processes that the overall goals of self improvement and success are attained

Green Lantern and Mythology Essay

Green lantern is a long running comic book series. The primal years the story of a prophecy that had been handed to Abin sur, an alien, who eventually dies from fear of this prophecy and his ring is given to a man the first human from earth to possess a great power ring. This prophecy comes to be in the series called blackest night. It is a tale of evil trying to take everyplace the universe. unappeasable Hand is main Black lantern when a person is killed in that location body basically bring to passs a zombie possessing a black power ring.The green lantern corp is the original police forces of the universe there were created by a group of immortals that could be seen as gods possibly. The rings give expression beings great powers to create anything they can image with a solid trip out it is supply by their impart power and lack of fear. But they argon not the only mavenes (lanterns) in the universe that is needed to stop this festering evil force. There is group for eac h of the colors of the spectrum. Each is powered by a different emotion.Red is rage, orange is greed, and green is will, inconsolable is hope, indigo is mostly compassion, and finally violet is love. To destroy a Black lantern takes to a greater extent than one colored power. So they come to learn to lay down together and give over their own personal differences. This shows how many cultures use up to work together. But in a way it shows that you cant allow only one emotion to rule over you because it will lead possibly your doom, because in the story to face the evil lantern entirely is definite doom and you will be consumed by the evil and become that which you had been fighting against.It also shows that sometimes you just cant do somethings alone that you need to rely on others to succeed. No takings how strong or smart you be that it can take more than one person to do the job right. I see it as a way of showing children that no matter how different we are, whether we ar e from different worlds or different countries no matter how different we impression we can work together.Kids now days are very raise in comics or the photographic films based on comics so these stories are comme il faut the new myths of our time. These people are the heroes our children look to for role models nowadays. In the movie Green Lantern it shows the determination to show that no matter what others think of you if you have the strenght and determination you can prove that you can be a hero or anything you set your mind to.

Beach Activities Essay

When you go to the shore you pile delight in conglomerate activities either with your friend, family or couple. On festal twenty-four hours you bay twineow coif on the marge and whipstitching youre uncase or swimming in the oceanic. Those ar or so greens exertion that slew do in beach. You as well as foot fuck parasailing, fishing, diving, surfing, boat or body-build a guts castling and so on. These activities are procurable to do because of the mode. The areas of beachs climate are mostly savory in the daylight hours and self-possessed pour down a footling in the afternoon. there is a wind from the ocean so as yet it is white you chill out feel not sweaty however freshWhen you go to the beach you can enjoy various activities either with your friend, family or couple. On sunny day you can lay on the beach and tanning youre skin or swim in the ocean. Those are most common activity that people do in beach. You also can enjoy parasailing, fishing, d iving, surfing, boating or build a sand castle and so on.These activities are available to do because of the climate. The areas of beachs climate are mostly hot in the daylight hours and cool down a little in the afternoon. There is a wind from the ocean so even it is hot you still feel not sweaty but freshWhen you go to the beach you can enjoy various activities either with your friend, family or couple. On sunny day you can lay on the beach and tanning youre skin or swim in the ocean. Those are most common activity that people do in beach. You also can enjoy parasailing, fishing, diving, surfing, boating or build a sand castle and so on. These activities are available to do because of the climate. The areas of beachs climate are mostly hot in the daylight hours and cool down a little in the afternoon. There is a wind from the ocean so even it is hot you still feel not sweaty but freshWhen you go to the beach you can enjoy various activities either with your friend, family or coupl e.On sunny day you can lay on the beach and tanning youre skin or swim in the ocean. Those are most common activity that people do in beach. You also can enjoy parasailing, fishing, diving, surfing, boating or build a sand castle and so on. These activities are available to do because of the climate. The areas of beachs climate are mostly hot in the daylight hours and cool down a little in the afternoon. There is a wind from the ocean so even it is hot you still feel not sweaty but freshWhen you go to the beach you can enjoy various activities either with your friend, family or couple. On sunny day you can lay on the beach and tanning youre skin or swim in the ocean. Those are most common activity that people do in beach. You also can enjoy parasailing, fishing, diving, surfing, boating or build a sand castle and so on.These activities are available to do because of the climate. The areas of beachs climate are mostly hot in the daylight hours and cool down a little in the aftern oon. There is a wind from the ocean so even it is hot you still feel not sweaty but freshWhen you go to the beach you can enjoy various activities either with your friend, family or couple. On sunny day you can lay on the beach and tanning youre skin or swim in the ocean. Those are most common activity that people do in beach. You also can enjoy parasailing, fishing, diving, surfing, boating or build a sand castle and so on. These activities are available to do because of the climate. The areas of beachs climate are mostly hot in the daylight hours and cool down a little in the afternoon. There is a wind from the ocean so even it is hot you still feel not sweaty but fresh.

Principal Leadership: Diversity, Development and Distribution Essay

The dealer is the de facto attraction of the popular check. With this role comes no sm every(prenominal) degree of pressure and responsibility. And as the nature of education changes and evolves, so in any case does this role and that which is implied by it. In some ways though, in that respect system a great philosophical allot on how oral sex leading is to be pursued. To the sentiment of this question endeavor, this assort is based on varying conceptions of how leaders and education might vanquish be integrated for the office. Therefore, the enquiry seeks to appeal to the conceptions of those most directly effected.This project is intended to serve in a preliminary capacity for a broader heap subscribe which would engage principals on matters of their find with modern semipolitical realities, with c arer development and mentoring and with theoretical division on the matter of centralized versus distributed leading. Findings and recommendations impart be d irected toward the warranting and fashioning of an effective comply and survey study design. Rationale This study is designed to explore the respective(a) career development aspects of becoming and world a public school principal that contribute to the effective ability to serve in a leadership capacity.The principal has a unique role in both the lives of teachers and learners, portion as both a figure of seedity and as an guidance in the face of administrative and political demands. This makes the principalship a deeply daedal repose, im comprise upon by the challenges of organizational stewardship, economic constraint and political imposition. The experience of create into and serving in the position of the principal is of impressiveness to those be after to evolve to the role.For individuals viewing the principalship as a career path, firsthand be of the obstacles, opportunities, demands and distinctions there associated might be an worthy source of verification fo r that which one might expect. This serves as the rationale for the glide path taken in this research report, which contends that the administering of surveys to individuals who are serving today in the role of principal should assistance to effectively yield info which flowerpot be of value to individuals desiring to go with in their footsteps.The primary thesis of this research is that a consideration of existent studies both which help to define terms for this investigation and which provide actor for the use of survey-based data-gathering should help us to establish a clear socio-economic class for the format and content of a survey for distribution. The study proposed in this investigation would be designed as a primarily qualitative study which focuses on the beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of principals on both their careers and the path of their career development.The method world proposed in this study is qualitative and descriptive research using the junto of a literature retread on the topic and a survey of school principals. A descriptive design, according to Gigliotti (2001), is to provide an accurate indite of a variable, group, individual and/or phenomenon. It is a design that involves making circumspect descriptions of phenomenaparticularly educational, which has greatly increased knowledge about what happens in schools. The issues which will be considered in a survey instrument will guide been gleaned from the literature review which is to follow.This review heads that the responsibilities of the principal as a leader in various capacities must be heavily considered, particularly in light of such(prenominal) issues as the heightened demanded for leadership in the face of novel and permeating political realities. Issues such as the command to answer to various sectors of the community, the demand to establish a rapport with force that induces acquit and the overarching front man of such all-encompassing frameworks as th e federal No Child go away bed (NCLB) policy all come the effect of organization the leadership responsibilities and experiences of the principal.This literature review is justified as a means to explicate the affinity between these conditions and the perspective of the principal on such issues as career development and leadership distribution and will touch upon the above-noted issues in shaping the focus of its research instrument. Literature Review Principal leaders Theory That schools in the United States in particular have broadly experienced a decline in standards, in effect and in personnel commitment is evidenced throughout the field.To many theorists in the make it decade, this is indicative of a nub problem relating to the orientation and distribution of leadership. This is in particular a challenge for the principal, whose leadership responsibilities are intact but who faces multitudinous obstacles to the effectiveness of this leadership. Overly centralized wa ys of designing curriculum, of engaging students and of evaluating performance of teachers and students, some will argue, has had the tinge of disassociating school leadership from the environment which it impacts.This is wherefore in the view of many analysts, the task of transforming a school is alike complex for one person to accomplish alone. Consequently, a new s group Ale of leadership is develop. (Lashway, 2002, p. 6) This new theoretical account is something that developing school principals and serving principals equal must prepare for. The leadership of the school administration or principalship is a good deal looked upon as the sole determining factoring the curricular standardization and show up which pervades a learning institution.As Grasecks (2005) article reveals, the perceived uniqueness of this leadership is both a product of a fundamental mistaking of the opportunities for in-school leadership and may be a contributor to a banish educational experience all around. At the heart of Grasecks model for administrative leadership is the notion that too frequently vested authority in this position will tend to create what he refers to as a wall, which reinforces an improper notion that administration exists above principalship and command on a hierarchical scale.A perception which may be shared by both parties, it is likely to cause an improperly aloof administrative approach to leadership which is more dominated by bureaucracy than a authorized and inquiring interest in the value of education. Equally as destructive, such an attitude imperils the security of the teaching faculty, which tends to respond to being undervalued with resentment, occupational aversion and diminished morale. As we enter into this discussion, it is important to recognize that this is a predicament which centrally impacts the authority and leadership opportunities for the principal.The presumption that more effectively distributed leadership will ultimately produce positive performance outcomes for a school is underscored by heretofore existent positive evidence as to the impact of effective leadership overall as a determinant of student outcomes. According to Spillane (2003), over the past few decades researchers have consistently report that school leadership, principal leadership in particular, is critical in developing and sustaining those school-level conditions believed essential for instructional improvement. (Spillane, 2003 p. 343) According to Lumby (2003), it may be accurate to declare that an evolution in our appreciation for classroom level ingenuity inherently incites the need for a more distributed approach to leadership as pertaining to the relationship between principal and teachers.As his research claims, leadership is embedded in the activities of staff and students, including delegated management, and can be understood to be both distributed and systemic. (Lumby, 2003 p. 283) This is to indicate the natural uncons cious process of educational development will require this caseful of dynamic contribution where the relationship between the principal and teachers facilitates a grit of leadership determination for the latter which can help to stimulate their invaluable support of the former. Indeed, for educators, the heightened emphasis on the opportunity for contribution at the highest levels can improve motivation and individual ingenuity.To this end, according to a study by Harris (2004), there is cause to infer that the outcome of this leadership approach for the principal will be to improve the quality of a school overall. Accordingly, the author notes that such forms of leadership can assist capacity building inside schools which contributes to school improvement. (Harris, 11) For teachers and other staff members who are given the opportunity to bring home the bacon their skills at the leadership level, the framework will accommodate greater innovation, personal stake and perspective v ariance.All of these may be argued to promote the progression of school quality as an experience for both student and educator. This review uses an extensive number of studies easy on the subject of principals in education. whatsoever of the research directed the fix of our attention toward the external pressures which denote the need for a principal to develop a clear base of support from within the school. The challenges inherent in the No Child left Behind legislation, according to the findings of most survey studies considered here, have compromised the ability of principals to lead effectively.The implications of outwardly shaped standards and performance consequences are undermining to the capacity of the principal and his or her faculty to lead in the shaping of curriculum, philosophy and evaluation. Some of the research available on the subject demonstrates the need to develop a clear strategical approach to leadership in the face of such pressures. To this end, accordi ng to Crum & angstrom Sherman (2008), the heightened emphasis on standardized rilling and other practices related to No Child Left Behind has created a condition wherein the principal is launch to be largely at the center of an array of very rock-ribbed demands.The result is that the principals performance evaluation is directly affiliated to the capacity of the school and its students to comport with the standards created by such legislation. Therefore, principals are more and more finding it necessary to take a hands-on approach to providing leadership in public schools. As Crum & Sherman indicate, the burden for school improvement in a time of accountability falls squarely on the shoulders of principals as new requirements demand that they act as instructional leaders. (Crum & Sherman, 562)This study is of particular value to our discussion both for its association to the inherent case for a more widely distributed approach to leadership and to the substantiation of our core methodology. The study in question is largely based on the data-gathering process of surveying those with measurable experience in the areas of principalship discussed. The issues of leadership and the distribution of authority are both recurrent in the self-reports gathered by Crum & Sherman, which focus in useful detail on the aspects of the position which demand the intimate leadership oversight of a highly relate principal.According to the data gathering process which the researchers undertook, the principals provided valuable insights into their daily practices that rear an environment which is supportive of high-student achievement. These practices are categorized in the following themes developing personnel and facilitating leadership, responsible delegation and empowering the team, recognizing ultimate accountability, communicating and rapport, facilitating instruction, and managing change. (Crum & Sherman, 563) Here, the principals who served as key respond ents would generally come to an agreement on the crucial importance of using ones leadership to invoke leadership first and the command of responsibilities amongst those who are theoretically subordinate. This means developing, maintaining and feeding a even off of healthy relationships betwixt the principal and teachers and faculty. The principal must cultivate an strain where trust and a sense of value allow teachers to effectively extend out the message, mission and pressures of the principalship.At the core of a data-gathering process such as this is the finding that the principal cannot act alone. Though accountability will typically be closely associated with the pipeline of the principalship, the support which the principal enjoys from the teaching staff will be tantamount their willingness to support him or her. In turn, this support will translate into an effective staff which maintains the principals vision and standards of efficacy. Self-reporting proves here to be a n illuminating process, driven by observations make by principals operating under the provisions of No Child Left Behind.Though the No Child Left Behind is not the core focus of this investigation, its mention here denotes another aspect of the survey which makes it valuable to our purposes. A wide array of subjects in survey make impulsive mention of No Child Left Behind. With no connotation, the issue remains a relevant one today for its pervasive impact on the way that schools and students alike are assessed. The use of evaluative testing as a means to enforcing a universal standards for academic competence holds all members of the academic community under a microscope.Whether responding positively or negatively to its implications, a great many respondents to the research surveys which this source review encountered accept that its provisions are a significant factor in shaping leadership strategy. Ferrandino (2001) wrote about the subject of the principalship over the transit ion into the 21st century, which see the inception of our current policy approach. Ferrandino analyzed the job itself and noted that being a principal today is far different than it was even 20 years ago.Principals work extensiveer hours, have responsibility for a much broader community of pupils and staff (that is, pupils and staff from a diversity of cultures), are needful to be far more politically savvy, and have to meet a much broader range of demands. Ferrandinos (2001) research addressed the claim that too many principals are soon due for retirement and there are insufficient numbers of teachers and educators with the training, education, and qualification to replace this aging workforce. (p. 441). The author posed and addressed the question as to why there appears to be shortage of qualified candidates for such positions.In resolution, the article finds that many potential candidates do not want to cope with the inherent pressures of leadership and the requisite long hou rs of the job. According to the survey research gathered in the Ferrandino essay, the politicization of the academic process has become a deterrent for many serious and qualified candidates. The issues aggravated by No Child Left Behind are play out today in the administrative conflicts which shape education as we know it, with the principal at the center of disputes.And quite indeed, as pedagogic approaches clash with each other (constructivism versus traditional teaching, for one example), more in the way of direct leadership is expected of principals than ever before. To some extent, this is cause many to shy away from even applying for the position. Ferrandino (2001) notes that this is not simply a problem of a shortage of candidates, but implies that which is at the crux of research, that there are institutional shortcomings which have disinclined a proper crime syndicate of candidates.The complexity of leadership demands in the position are dominant in either disinclined ca ndidates or rendering the position too exclusive. The research by Langer and Boris-Schacter provides a model for consideration as we meditate on the notion of using the survey methodology to produce a data set on the selected subject. In the research of Langer and Boris-Schacter (2003), it is confirmed that Ferrandinos perspective that the role of the principal is one that leaves many of its beholders feeling frustrated and self-conscious with the constantly changing demands of the job.Their study showed that most of the principals surveyed experience poor job satisfaction, that the job has a negative affect on their personal lives, that they have less and less leisure time, and that the constant demands on their time are often unreasonable. (Langer & Boris-Schacter, 14) One of the primary bring ups noted by the principals surveyed in their study is the intrusiveness of new state and federal legislation. Surveyed subjects expressed the concern that there is a movement towards a n emphasis on standardized test scores over quality of education in the classroom.

Soul Searching’s Pyschological and Moral Aspects

This analysis makes no pretences of keeping with the psychological and chaste convictions that Heidegger ignored. His geomorphological analysis is simply not complete enough to represent Daseins phenomenological orientation in the world without considering some aspects which are inherent to from each ane Dasein much(prenominal) as a psychological history and a moral destination. Although speculation as to the reasons behind his choice to ignore such kindle attri plainlyes is forever possible, go forth out psychology and ethics leaves Dasein with no soul. Dasein past is nothing more than a comp acent of the world through another(prenominal)(a) Dasein.One mass altogether Be when ones inst onlyation is disclosed by others until the they is escaped in Death. Heidegger doesnt en blessedness the damaging connotation of the word escape in the context of dealinghips with Others, nevertheless this seems to be more important as a question of trustworthy existence, true re alization of the original Self. I argue that the soul, the spirit, the essence of Dasein must be explained as inti cope withly as the phenomena of existence in order to cryst solelyise the question What does it mean to be (Dasein)? Through the soul, Dasein may bridge the gaps of privacy that occur in the solitude of single existence amongst Others. psychology and morality provide excellent headquarters from which to launch this campaign in expect of the soul of Dasein How can ones soul exhibit some(prenominal) concernful fright and guard while experiencing existential loneliness in the subject of Death? When look at the temporality of Daseins existence, psychology corresponds to Heideggers concept of already- cosmos as does morality to beingness- up-of-itself, in relation to the prospect of having a soul. Psychology and morality play such large roles in the creation of both the they-self and the authentic self that some definitions are in order.Psychology explains the r elationships between phenomena and both voluntary and involuntary behavior patterns. Behavior is the chemical reaction of the subconscious with the conscious before ends are made and actions taken. The sum of the behavioral limitations of these reactions, symbolic entirelyy speaking, equals the finite potential of possibilities after already-being-in-the-world. Thus behavior displays an torrential importance when considering Daseins interpretation of events on an authentic as well as an counterfeit level.It seems that Heidegger shies a focussing from psychology because behavior can transfigure so much from one somebody to another and creates problems for his strictly geomorphological analysis of being. Morality is as well as of great concern in a personal view of Heideggers Being and Time due to the feisty nature of his use of such terms as conscience and offense to outline qualities that are present in all Dasein. Even though he attempts to use these words (guilt and cons cience) without bringing extra baggage on with them, one cannot resist considering the implications that vernacular semantics suggest about the nature of Dasein.Heidegger explains he concept of moral guilt has been so little clarified ontologically interpretations of this phenomenon could befit prevalent and have remained so (Blackwell, p. 328). If this is the case, moral guilt should hold a place in the discussion because it is so prevalent. He also uses his possess fresher definition of guilt to explain his idea that guilt is precisely the lack of something that should and could be. If guilt is the main impetus for authentic Being, then wouldnt morality be immediately involved in the discussion as a source of guilt, or as the next step supra the middle management provided by conscience?For how else could one divulge what should be other than in terms of a personal view of fairness towards living towards Others-otherwise stated as morality? Dasein defines what should be by l ooking forward to the hazard of being self-goerned by an various(prenominal) sense of what is adjust behavior in the world into which one has been impel. For Heidegger, the conscience alerts Dasein not plainly to failing to realize an authentic Being for ones Self, just now also provides a constant source of guilt that becomes manifested in forethought towards Death.He says of Being-towards-Death nticipation reveals to Dasein its lostness in the they-self, and brings it face to face with the possibility of being itself, to begin with unsupported by concernful solicitude, save of being itself, rather, in an impassioned freedom towards death-a freedom which has been released from the Illusions of the they, and which is factical, certain of itself, and anxious (Blackwell, p. 311). This passage summarizes Heideggers position of leaving the Others behind to pursue ones own Death in whatever manner top executive suit ones private conceptualization of the inexplicable phenomen on of Death.He calls this anticipatory steadiness-a projection of possibilities for Dasein onto itself. His reference to concernful solicitude implies that some part of the they-self assumes responsibility for the well-being of Others with respect to their own personal wish well towards the world. Heidegger explains this as part of the idle express respective to inauthenticity, but the sympathy one feels obliged to show another exceeds simple brotherly convention and finds a home in the desire to assume some part of the loneliness doweryd by all Dasein.In this way, we apply the linkup of authentic existence with morality. Guilt in the face of inauthentic being is a key factor in Heideggers connection of anticipatory resoluteness towards Death. But, each Dasein has some sort of moral craving which is a sort of goal for how one might define ones-Self. Since this moral consideration is present, it is inescapable when examining the way Dasein arrives at its resolute decision of which possibilities will be executed. Thus morality corresponds to Heideggers Being-ahead-of-itself.Not only does Dasein care about the guilt it experiences in the face of inauthentic Being, but it wishes to alleviate the same suffering in those it perceives to be troubled. Looking ahead, Dasein knows at that place will be sorrowful phenomena coming towards it and so feels the sting of the misfortunes of an Other as well. This sentimental sharing can be directed towards joy in that joy is a benefit to all Dasein when accepted, just as sorrow is a detriment to all Dasein when the burden is shouldered amongst their numerous lonely souls.Psychology and morality depend mostly upon the ontical interpretation of events involving other Dasein-the Others. In the anonymous placement of Dasein amongst Others, Dasein falls into the inauthentic mode of being described by Heidegger as the they-self. The they-self is crucial to an sympathy of how Dasein can top off the ignorant (but not necess arily diminished) existing of average everyday action to find a seemingly more perplexing state called authentic existence.Daseins they-self is primarily concerned with the events and requirements demanded of it through living in what is conceived as the present time with other people. This they-self is prevalent to all modes of Being which Dasein might exhibit in that one can never escape a certain degree of anonymity in ones relations with others. The they-self revels in its proximity to the Others with which it may identify itself however, the they-self also strives to keep a reasonable distance from the Others to avoid becoming lost as an soul entity.The phenomenon of distancing ones they-self from Others may happen consciously or unconsciously to Dasein. In the distancing and proximalizing of Dasein to Others and the collective they, Dasein psychologically constructs a social script that reads all of the lines that are proper. The social script is simply a dialogue between O thers and/or Dasein that corresponds to the different situations (this could also refer to the authentic Situation which Heidegger describes on pages 346-347) in which Dasein finds itself.These social scripts are provided by the relationships to Others and are derived from idle talk and personal meditation on the questions which conscience brings to Daseins attention. Although critical remark is not necessary for proper psychological synthesis of social scripts, the implications of destroy past events and reinterpreting them for future reference is the fulcrum of the interrelatedness of psychology, morality, and temporality as these factors can be named as the shining stars from which the soul of Dasein will descend.It is important to retrieve that no standard of morality may be set but rather all Dasein has an individual interpretation of it. One may pass traditional Judeo-Christian morality concerning the theological disdain held for physical merriment and the propagation of guilt through admonitions of original sin. One may shape that the texts readings are presented for personal interpretation. One may not have every real moral convictions whatever except for an amoral avoidance of pain and sideline for pleasure.In short, each Dasein must synthesize its own moral, amoral, or humble disposition through the practice of making decisions based upon an individual suit code of morality which is created from observation or experience of social interaction from the beginning of invigoration. So, how does Heidegger leave the soul out of his analysis? Where is the connection? Morality, being a facet of existence concerned with the I live my life in this way because it is right for me is analogous to Heideggers for-the-sake-of-which that he uses to describe the coordinate of the world.He says, The for-the-sake-of always pertains to the being of Dasein, for which, in its being, that very being is an issue (Blackwell, p. 116-117). Hubert Dreyfus Being-in-the -World (commentary on Being and Time) says Heidegger uses the term for-the-sake-of-which to call attention to the way human activity makes long-term sense, thus avoiding any intimation of a final goal. A for-the-sake-of-which, like being a father or being a professor, is not to be thought of as a goal I have in mind and can achieve. Indeed, it is not a goal at all, but rather a self-interpretation that informs and orders all my activities (Dreyfus, p. 5).Why does Dasein feel a need to order its activities? What has the influence over Dasein to create this striving towards a higher existence? Although biologically uncertain and philosophically unproven, the soul is the only possible answer. The spirit which moves Dasein, the essence that drives Dasein to strain something better, something higher is an inexplicable yet necessary part of the ontological structure of Dasein. Heidegger explains this phenomenon as Being-towards-Death. Authentic Being-towards-Death signifies Dasein reali zing the temporality of its existence and looking-ahead with anticipatory resoluteness.Anticipatory resoluteness is the act of projecting ones ownmost potentiality for Being against the worry of nothingness which Death inspires. Explicitly, this is a realization of moving towards Death as a phenomenon central to existence itself. Authentic Dasein anticipates Death with a resoluteness derived from guilt. Anticipation correlates to authenticity in that it brings Dasein face to face with a possibility Being which is constantly certain but which at any moment system indefinite as to when that possibility will become an impossibility Death (Blackwell, p. 56). bastardly Being-towards-Death is denoted by Dasein exhibiting its typical average everyday falleness where the they-self sees Death as an threatening event that will happen someday in the future without allowing the acquaintance of this event to affect any of the possibilities of Being with which Dasein might be presented. If i n that respect is an effect on the possibilities of Being in respect to Death, it is very exceptional and not amply comprehending of the actual nature of Death.In the inauthentic Being-Towards-Death the they-self never dies in the existential conception of Dasein because it is constantly too involved in the world around it to be concerned about its coming possibility-of-not-being-with-Others. Thus, one of the main reasons understanding Death is central to the authentic Being-ones-Self boils down to understanding exactly how ones-Self is related to Others. Experiencing Death from a second person point-of-view is psychologically riveting-traumatic, alienating, increasing existential awareness &c.The looking ahead of Dasein to Death produces an anxiety towards nothingness-nullity-a lack of care that is inherent in not-Being-with-Others. Heidegger says, make do itself, in its very essence, is permeated with nullity through and through (Blackwell, p. 331). Lacking care yields guilt in the form of not being able to chain of mountains the meaning of not-Being-with-Others. To make up for this guilt, Dasein moralizes its existence with respect to how life should be lived versus all other possibilities of how it could be lived.Morality must then describe the relation of Being-ones-Self through Others in relation to former psychological phenomena such as attending a funeral. Care, however, cannot be pure nullity as this undermines the entire structure of care in a nihilistic fashion. Heidegger is proposing that care is nothingness, thus eliminating its necessity and making it merely an arbitrary condition of Dasein. In contrast to this perspective, morality is not only looking ahead, but also compensation for the thrown loneliness of existence. Since no one can share in the phenomenon of Death, no one ever has a partner, friend, lover, or mate forever.This inspires a moral sympathy that caters to social utility and also individual welfare. Others Being-towards-Dea th can be contemplated by Dasein but never experienced. This links all Dasein by way of providing a moralized and honest care towards each other and is explained by the inexplicable concept of a unitary Soul represent of the psychologically crafted and morally directed souls of all Dasein who are locked in their thrown loneliness. This of course raises still more questions that must be answered before Dasein is fully elucidated.

Amadou Ham Pate Ba

Amadou act pate Ba (1901-1991), Malian ethnologist, narrator and author, played an important business office in introducing the gentlemans gentleman to Afri grass oral heritage, especially the folktales of West Africa. The human race known as the living Memory of Africa he liked to asseverate he was hotshot of the eldest sons of the century, was one of the major intellectual literary figures of the 20th century. The saying with which he will always be associated for (his often beats quoted statement), that In Africa when an old man dies, a library has burned master has become so famous that it is sometimes used as an African proverb.He was commenting on the loss of African oral heritage, in praise of two old age and oral tradition, which contributes to the historical components of humanities memory. The folktale is a key source of oral tradition, as argon other forms of level and rituals that are considered essential components of cultural anthropology and ethnology. (folk enculturation. org) There is a certain device characteristic and significance of indigenous cognition, especially in Africa. autochthonic knowledge has been outlined as the local knowledge. Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society.The expressions traditional local and indigenous knowledge, are used in the literature inter-changeably, is learned through repetition which aids in its store and reinforcement. Agricultural or desert-based societies slowly created communities that were mostly self- contained and based on self-help. Their draw close to problem solving was through ambulated someone or communal experiences and knowledge derived from trial and error. This aggregated validated knowledge improved and increases in time but remained mostly live(a). even out in the present information age, untaught and desert-based communities, hand over remained practically cut off, thus they have been out of the incorrupt necessity and for the sake of their survival, depe nding on and making use of their traditional unrecorded knowledge. (Anwar, 1998) Amadou Ba feared that a lot of it is being disconnected collectable to rapid urbanization and continuous attrition in the older population. Indigenous knowledge is predominantly tacit and embedded in answers and experiences and exchanged deep down the community through oral communication and demonstration.Recording and disseminating it across communities is not short (Anwar. 2005). Its sometimes fragmented. It does not exist in its totality all in one place or one individual. It is distribution is socially differentiated, based on gender and age. When discussing language, ethnic groups, cultures (and subcultures), and religions. The key concepts are novelty and complexity. There are conservatively many hundreds of different ethnics groups. Thus, there are many hundreds of distinct languages and cultures.The sheer number of such groups throughout Africa makes this proportion unique to the contine nt. (The Other World ch. 6 pg. 187) Amadou Ham pate Ba passed away in 1991, leaving the world a library and an across-the-board archive to protect the wealth of knowledge that he had collected from fire, which he warned about repeatedly. He said that part of every speech is lost to fire chaos can result from tiny sparks just as a match can lead to a fire that destroys an spot little village. (folkculture. rg) What role do oral traditions play in the duty periods and/or migrations of communities? Oral tradition the process of handing down information, opinions, belief, and systems by the playscript of mouth or by example (Merriam-Webster unabridged 7th Ed). A transmission of knowledge and institutions through successive generations without written instruction. Thus an transmissible principle, standard, or practice serving as the established guide of an individual or group. In comparing different cultures we tend to evaluate the custom of others in light of our own beliefs and values.Members of all cultures assume that their own throw for living is the best and only correct way. The belief that ones own culture is the only true and good way, as considerably as the intention to judge other cultures by those standard, is call Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism serves some(prenominal) important functions for individuals and groups. Certainly about the rightness of ones beliefs and behaviors reinforces the tendency to confirm and to defend ones society. Ethnocentrism becomes dysfunctional when beliefs in ones superiority lead to hostility and conflict. More important, oral traditions can provide a rich history predating the written word. (The other world ch6 pg. 189) In traditional soufies people tend to regard the way things have always been done as sacred, which stems from the beliefs and practices passed down from generation to generation. Account of for the first time European contacts with black Africa are a study in Ethnocentrism the garner and journa ls of 15th and 16th century explorers, merchants, and missioners, overflowed with lurid descriptions of cannibalism, incest and unbridled lust. Since the Africans did not practice Christianity they were labeled heathens since their laws were incomprehensible to the European, they were said to be LAWLESS and since their marriage and family practices differed from those commonplace in Europe they were judged to be savages and barbarians. (George 1968) Africa was artificially divided to suit the objectives of the compound governments. Preexisting ethnic, linguistic, and cultural until were ignored. Throughout Africa, closely knit people harangue the same language were suddenly separated. The other world Ch6 pg. 190) As evident in the class text book (see enclosed references) European colonization of the coast of Africa in 1884 (see fig 6. 2) undoubtedly hasten the teddy and migration of the indigenous people further inland toward the desert (see fig 6. 1) so they could control the r ich fertile land. By 1895 (see fig 6. 3) it only got worse. Even today the African map reflects the extraction goals of the imperial powers. Moreover, foreigners exploited the pictorial habit in many parts of the region.For instance, the colonial powers instituted cash crops and exporting of livestock, which in turn meant widespread clearing of the land and sometimes depletion of the soil. Similarly, Europeans mold up the continent created or heightened local rivalries, which resulted in conflicts that also touch the landscape (ch6 p. 201) Carried to an extreme, ethnocentrism is destructive as evidence by the Nazis in Germany who believed in absolute superiority of the white Aryan race and culture.The result was the displacement and death of millions of people who didnt fit that category mostly Jews. In American history, each different ethnic, religious, or racial group was notion to be inferior to white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASP) and therefore deserve less than humane tre atment. Ethnic divisions are a powerful force today. ongoing struggles in such diverse states as Angola, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,Liberia Mauritanian, Nigeria, Ruanda and Sierra Leon may be explained in past by deep-seated ethnic division

Fundamentals of Management Essay

How does being decisive help, or hurt, conflict resolution? Should every decision be solely do by the motorcoach? How should a manager handle criticism of his/her decisions by followers? There is nothing more annoying than a manager who slewt make a decision. If you dont interchangeable making decisions or you feel you atomic number 18nt any good at it, you will disappoint a lot of people. On the other hand, it is preventable. creation decisive isnt about(predicate) making the right decision, its about making a decision.Its about putting yourself in the drivers seat of the car, you may decide to turn a disparate way later, notwithstanding for now, you control the wheel and you bring where the car goes. maturation real conflict resolution skill sets are a crucial part of a building a maintainable business model. discomfit conflict frequently results in a loss of production, represses creativeness, and creates obstacles to teamwork, most importantly for leaders, good co nflict resolution skills equals good employee retention.Leaders who dont deal with conflict will eventually watch their good talent walk out the door in search of a better and safer work environment. Decisions should be made solely or primarily by considering ones duties and the rights of others? The principle of management is making decisions. Managers are evermore required to evaluate alternatives and make decisions concerning a wide range of matters. tho as there are different managerial styles, there are different decision-making styles. Decision making involves confidence and threats.Decision makers put up multivariate degrees of risk. Decision making also involves qualitative and measureable analyses, and some decision makers choose one form of analysis over the other. Decision making can be affected not only by rational judgment, but also by non-rational factors such as the personality of the decision maker, friend pressure, the organizational situation, and others. Whe n it comes to criticism, its important to first understand that half of the englut people say about you is true.So dear take inventory, drink it up and change. And the other half they say about you is not, they are just revealing issues in their own lives. If you know yourself, you will know what you are good at and what you are not. Criticism will never stop, and it have a negative effect in your life. And thats a boastful lesson I had to learn that has helped me as a person. If youre getting kicked in the rear, it means youre out front.

Frustration: Primary Education and Great Increase Essay

licking it is a feeling of agitation and helplessness at not creation able to do something. I mat up frustrated once and it happened reasonable not long ago Rising from firsthand to secondary trail, it has been a big jump. I always thought that secondary school was no big deal and it would be easy. But I was wrong. In fact, for the introductory few months of my secondary school life, it was torturous and was equivalent to living in hell. When I first started secondary school, I did not get to retire many people although there were ice-breaking activities as I was the shy and uncommunicative type.But after a few daytimes, I got to k promptly this girl, Jane. Jane and I became really good friends and we shared almost everything together.But, Jane made friends with another girl, A, and A was friends with this girl, B. So, the 4 of us became inseparable and we formed a group. However, I established that my quiet nature was no match for their outgoingness as they were too chatt y. I was too shy to talk to them and was always excluded while they were talking. I felt left out so I left the group, alone and lonely. I was really upset and frustrated, and cried my tears out that night.I was unsure and horrified of making new friends and I was really sad. I became lonely and had no one to talk to. After a few days of loneliness, I finally plucked up my courage to make new friends. fellowship problems aside another factor that has been making me agitated till now washomework. When I first saw the timetable,I almost freaked out. There was a heavy(p) affix in the number of subjects and subjects like geography and physics were in all stranger to me. Since there was a great increase in subjects, well, as a matter of fact, there would be a great increase in homework too. There was homework piling up day after day and I had difficulty catching up with some(prenominal) subjects.I was stressed out and almost wished that I had remained in primary school. After a few months, I managed to settle in and for subjects that I had difficulty catching u, I consulted my parents and teachers for help.Hopefully, the remaining years of my secondary school life would be easier and not that stressful. But, still, frustration is only for the time being. If you harbor the determination to overcome it, life would not be hell for you.

Beyond Good and Evil

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche is usu all in ally contracted as a forerunner of existentialism along with Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard rouse be considered as the champion of the orthodox Christianity. However, Christian absolutism, which requires total surrender to immortal, is yet non acceptable to Nietzsche, because according to him God is dead. The concept of death of God is best known among all philosophies of Nietzsche. According to him, since God is dead we wargon lost the foundation of loyalty and value.Hu valet de chambre race macrocosms must find courage to construct gods themselves (Lavine, 1984,p. 324). The greatest need of civilization now is to develop new emblem individual, super custody, who pull up s gulls be intellectually and honorablely independent. They leave alone break all existing moral values, which argon look- denying, to which masses be still enslaved. The unaccompanied morality of the supermen go away be to affirm life, to be big businessmanfu l, creative, joyous, and exculpate ( Lavine,1984,p. 325) In Beyond reasoned and Evil he identifies a new preen of philosophers, attempters, who volition be the new legislators and creators.In order to make way for them, he criticizes all existing moral values and philosophies . He attacks Christianity and Buddhism in point because he sees in them carriers of virtues of the weak. He presents his own ideas of morality. He says that the allow to index finger is the underlining force in all living organism. thitherfore, he checks all virtues of placidity, forgiveness, esteem. However, the bequeath to power is just one aspect of man. If this is the wholly principle of life, the only motivating factor in ones life, civilized societies can non exist.Beyond Good and Evil can be a guide in society detectd by a dictator. Assuming that reading Beyond Good and evil has influenced my life and I have accepted it as a guide in my life, the following changes ar expected within me. An Attempter Beyond trade good and evil has made me an attempter- a new kind of philosophers, a free spirit. My whole life is changed for good. My concept of truth, life, organized religion and self is changed. My concept of truth. there atomic number 18 no absolute truths. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) There are no oecumenic dogmas.What is true for me can be perfectly false for someone else. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) each philosophy or science that I make across brings to my mental capacity that this is said with moral prejudice and with the aim of making money. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 6) There, need not be a conviction. The Truth I know, if it is not acceptable to others I need not stand up to it. After all truth is not an incompetent creature requiring someones support. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 25) There is zero point called knowledge for it own sake(Nietzsche.ed. hughes) I volition moot only truths that are revealed by my senses. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) I pull up stakes be skeptica l of everything that I come to know. Skepticism is a tool in my hand. I should not take anything as real except my drives, desires and passion. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes0 My concept of life. The feelings of devotion, self-sacrifice, morality of self-denial are to be completely avoided. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) I realize hatred, lust envy are not feelings that should be avoided but they are very essential to my life(Nietzsche.ed. hughes) I get out not be attached to anything in this ball. I will not be attached to my love ones because every mortal is a prison, to my fatherland even if requires my help. I will not feel blessing for anybody. I will not be attached to my own virtues. I will learn to control myself. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 41) I recognize that slavery, danger, experimentation, devilry, everything evil, tyrannical in man enhances the growth of man. thusly, they are necessary for the humankind(Nietzsche,para. 44). My concept of religion.Christianity is a religion that I shou ld avoid, since it is a religion of sacrifice, sacrifice of all freedom compliment self-confidence. It is a religion of self-mockery, self-denial and enslavement. I abhor Christianity for the three central follies it practices i. e. , solitude, fasting and sexual abstinence. I need to just look past from these follies(Nietzsche,2004,para. 47). If I need fresh air I should not go to churches. I will stop believing in the existence of soul, thitherfore, there is no life after death. (Nietzsche,2004,para.30) . As an attempter I will make use of religion and politics in order to rule all over others. I have a responsibility for the evolution of mankind(Nietzsche,2004,para. 45) There is no moral phenomena, only moral interpretations of phenomena. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 64) I will believe only truths that are revealed by my senses. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) Morality is against reason and freedom. It is a constrain. (Nietzsche. ed. Hughes) both virtue hunts towards stupidity and every s tupidity towards virtue(Nietzsche) My concept of self.My essence is will to power, so prepositions like Harm no one, rather help everyone as much as you are able is false and sentimental (Nietzsche,ed. Hughes). My power to will should not be restrained My strength lies in my dangerous drives much(prenominal) as enterprisingness, avengefulness, ambition (Nietzsche,ed. Hughes). I will possess only those virtues which are useful to get along with my secret and heartfelt inclinations (Nietzsche. ed. Hughes). Honesty is my only virtue. I will be honest totally but not to an extent of becoming boring saint(Nietzsche.ed. Hughes). My concept of the society. Everything in this world seeks to streamlet its strength, the will to power. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) The majority in the society are lesser mortals. Therefore I as an independent free spirit should wear masks or else I will be rejected and ridiculed. (Nietzsche,ed. Hughes) Democratic politics is not only politics in decay but also man in decay. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) Herdsman. Human beings live in groups such as states, tribes, churches. These are human herds.Here majority of people live under obedience term handful of people rule them. They are taught to unconditionally obey the rulers. The rulers consider themselves as representatives of God or servants of the people or instruments of good (Nietzsche,2004,para. 199). The characteristics of a herdsman and herds are as follows(Nietzsche,2004. para. 199) The herdsman glorifies virtues like humility, timidity, modesty and peace (Nietzsche,2004,para. 199). Strong dangerous drives such as hatred, revenge, enterprisingness are mark immoral.(Nietzshe,2004. para. 199) This over tenderness causes him to be soft on people who tend harm him, criminals (Nietzshe,2004,para. 199). Spiritual independence and will to stand alone are seen as dangerous, therefore such qualities are suppressed (Nietzsche. 2004,para199). When clever men get together they form a parliament(Nietz sche,para. 199). The Disadvantage of Being an Attempter. The will to power An attempter in trying to be different in everything loses his normal self. The attempter is too much occupied with his will to power.Will to power is one of the characteristics of men. However, the attempter considers it as his essence. The effect of such an attitude makes him an oppressor in any relationship. Will to power is common to all human beings. He runs into trouble when he meets another human with same type of inclination. In such a situation, as Hegel says there will be postulate unto death(Lavine,p. 220). Detachment He detaches himself from everything in life. He is not attached to his loved ones, his fatherland or his virtues. This makes him an ascetic.He is made into a machine without any human feelings. Dangerous drives. Human drives such as hatred, revenge are proclaim by him. On the other hand soft qualities like modesty, humility, friendliness are looked down upon. Human beings are bundle of senses. Every emotion has a place in the formation of a person. One cannot tickle pink some emotions and denounce some others. In the case of an attempter the putting to death instinct in man is given predominance. This makes him an unacceptable person in a civilized society.He is more at home in a society ruled by a dictator. The Advantage of a Herdsman. A herdsman has a balanced emotional level. He does not denounce any qualities as irrational. Nietzsche argues that the will to stand alone, higher intelligence being suppressed in herds(society) is not true. There is more freedom in a herdsman than an attempter. He lives in a egalitarian world where as the attempter tends towards dictatorship. He learns to obey authority, which is a very definitive quality to live in a societyAnimal instincts such as revenge hatred are not glorified but by considering them as immoral those harmful emotions are discouraged To Be an Attempter or To Be a Herdsman. I would prefer to be a herdsm an. A herdsman is a person suitable in a civilized, democratic society. The life of a herdsman is lived in obedience to authority. He understands the wideness of modesty, friendliness and peace. These qualities appeal to me more than a life lived with a pear haw aim of dominating others.A life of an attempter is very mechanical. He does not have the human frailties which makes life interesting. He hates everything , suspects everything, tends to dominate everything. His life will be lonely and dull. Therefore to live a life modify with normal emotions of joy, pain, modesty, forgiveness I would prefer a herdsmans life. Conclusion In Beyond and Evil Nietzsche alludes that all life is exploitation. His will to power is seen as exploitation. The dominance of ones will over another.All that enhances power is good. All that flows from weakness i. e. , peace, friendliness are bad. Hatred, vengeance, cruelty are essential for life. These concepts of life suit a dictator than a person liv ing in a democratic society. He tries to present a new brand of philosophers called attempters who embodies all these characters. They are supposed to be legislators and creators. Creators of moral values so that a new order of world will be created. Nietzsche call these philosophers as saviors of humankind.Thus, he attempts a dangerous observational method. Therefore, we cannot live a life based on Beyond Good and Evil References Lavine. T. Z. (1984). From Socrates To Sartre. New York Bantam Books Nietzsche (2004, September23). Beyond Good and Evil Retrieved April 24, 2007 from http//www. mala. bc. ca/johnstoi/Nietzsche/beyondgoodandevil2. htm Nietzche. F (n. d. ) Beyond Good and Evil. in G. Hughes. Retrieved April 23, 2007 from CDocuments and SettingsaaDesktopPhilosophy- squash Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil Condensed Abridged. htm

Machievelli Biography Essay

Machiavelli lived during the Renaissance era of the Medieval quantifys. In this meter period many concepts and ideas were being reborn, including the Christian faith. He lived during a time period in which the great deal of the time thought of the Black kindle as a symptom of judgment upon the sinningfulness of the land. These same good deal began to scourge themselves in order to express their sorrow and therefore get through Gods judgment laid upon them. Although Machiavelli lived long after the go along of the Roman Empire, he lived in an Italy that had evolved into a war-torn battleground in the midst of the city state dynasties. There were conflicts amid the French and Spanish for the incorporate of land. Machiavelli lived in a time of growing political powers and a Christian community that was adapting and changing according to the claims of the Reformers. Machiavelli had a goal he sought-after(a) to create a dichotomy between ethical Christianity and the Ethical dem ands of political rule.The 15th and 16th century world focused on theologically reforming the Church. Many reformers of the time and before Machiavellis life, including the 14th century reformer John Wycliffe, wrote on how the papacy of the Church had grown far also powerful. During Machiavellis life St. Francis was t severallying the commoners about Jesus, and the commoners began relating to Christ. The Church was not all effected by the reformers and the teachings of St. Francis, but it was also effected by itself it was smart itself. The church fought against the reformers, condemning them as heretics the church was threatened by the speech of reform. Machiavelli lived among the Christians and like many of the reformers he was fitking a reform between the Church and the State. Essentially, Machiavelli writes to prove that being a moral pattern and a person are two separate ideas, in the case of essential circumstances and, like Luther, there are two kingdoms independent of each other.Machiavelli probably wouldve been considered a judge tank of his time and he believed that a ruler, or anyone may prevalently state that they are Christians yet register no real conviction. In the eleventh chapter of The Prince Machiavelli argued that Ecclesiastical principalities were to be in demand(p) because the people who inhabited them were governed by their own phantasmal laws. Machiavelli viewed these laws as tools, tools to keep open unruly citizens within the principalities alternatively than to enforce outside rules. Machiavelli idealizes an idea completely different from the church, that politics is virtuallything that deals with facts and not abstracts, that it is a challenge to the notion of some(prenominal) Pope Gregory VII and Pope Innocent IIIs worshipful Right to rule.3 Machiavelli realized that the divine right to rule opening is nothing but a religious idea that does not bleed with the present state of man. Machiavelli also understood th at human corruption and sin is an unending problem that rulers remove to deal with.Machiavelli continues by suggesting that being a moral leader does not mean that one is a near(a) leader as wide leadership leads to order, stability, and public good. He claimed that when order, stability, and public good are threatened a ruler groundworknot risk constricting their actions by piety or virtue. Machiavelli believed that morals stood in the way of success, that rulers need to key how to not be good, and be willing to kill. While the religious leaders saw Machiavelli as non-Christian and destructive, Machiavelli states that leaders need to administer required evils in efforts to maintain order and stability within their rule, that humans can be predicted through reason. The Church saw his political agenda as lacking in Christian ethics however, his political reform lines up with Christian thinkers and with Christian ethics of generosity, compassion, and even the golden rule as we see in Saint Augustines and St. Benedicts writings.An initial consideration of Machiavellis thoughts on generosity, we notice that he believes it is good to be considered a generous person, but that it is dangerous to do so. Although sounding distant to Christianity, Machiavellis reasoning lies in the Christian idea of doing the most good for as many people as possible. Machiavelli argues that being generous requires that the ruler imposes new ways of revenue collection and therefore make his subjects hatred him and lead to a guarantee that no one will think well of him.1 Machiavelli makes a similar case for compassion, in that it is better to be seen as cruel then it is to be viewed as loving, if necessary. He asserts that as the head of an army a ruler needs to be active to be thought cruel. The same Christian idea can be used to explain his argument as before.In the words of sensory faculty Treks Spock, the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the hardly a(prenominal)er. Machiavelli states that its more compassionate to impose harshness on a few rather than make use of compassion and risk chaos to demand place.2 If we look back to St. Augustines The City of God 4 we learn that rulers and people are dominated by their own selfish lecherousness for power, whereas in the City of God, which Luther also makes notions of in his Doctrine of The Two Kingdoms, people serve one another in charity.Under this assumption we see that men do not serve out of charity, but rather serve in a situation of do unto others as you would admit done to yourself. Perhaps Machiavelli agreed with this view of Christianity. Machiavellis ruler never commits an act that they would not have done to themselves. I think the Machiavellian ruler loves their neighbor as much as themselves. Machiavelli sees the political cranial orbit as a place for necessary evil. He believes, out of love, that some evil must take place in order to arrive at the most people.Machiavelli saw the wor ld he lived in as a two kingdom place, like Luther and St. Augustine did. He viewed human history for what it was, not what it could be he saw people as evil and sick. Machiavellis picture of human history took into account the human equation, that we are foul and therefore predictable, which he believes will lead to a better judgment of the future.

Election a benchmark election

The united States survived this conflict under Abraham Lincoln, the Republi bathroom from Illinois. subsequently the fight military capability outed, Abraham Lincoln and the republican company were viewed as heroes. They had polish offed slavery in the United States and win the war. Most importantly they were equal to keep a earth, change integrity by a monumental topic such as slavery seen as creating Irreconcil fit differences, together. As a result of the viewed successes of the Republicans during this era, they were able to dominate the White stand, even though Lincoln Vice President, Andrew Johnson, as a populist.Johnson would only serve oneness term in parting after Lincoln assassination, due to the poor policies he would enact as president. The next US Presidents would be Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican war hero, and 3 more Republicans, Hayes, Garfield and Arthur, before an unalike Democrat would become president. The more or less(prenominal) flourishing pres ident of the era was Abraham Lincoln who Is widely considered the outstandingest president in US storey for his accomplishments during the Civil War. On the different hand Andrew Johnson is considered one of the worst, and is one of only two presidents to be impeached.Lincoln achievements, coupled with the distrust of southern Democrats after the Civil War, paved the way for Republicans to control the White mob for the latter half of the 19th century. SYSTEM OF 1896 (1897-1933) The frame of 1 896, too known as the Progressive Era, was another span of time that was henpecked by the Republican Party, for all except an eight-year gap where a Democrat held the White House. The way started under President McKinley as he grow Americas borders with the Spanish American War, trade in China, and acquisitions of the Philippines and Hawaii, before he was assassinated. sideslip Roosevelt, who followed McKinley, make many re names that Improved the food (meat packing factories in partic ular), built the boater Canal, and built up American naval strength, both of which fostered the theme of American Imperialism direct by McKinley. William Howard Taft continued the Progressive Era by reforming the American workplace at the time. Taft instituted the concept of an eight-hour workday as tumesce as continuing to break up monopolies and trusts, such as American sample Oil, more than elusion Roosevelt had in his time as president . After the end of Tufts number 1 term,Roosevelt felt he hadnt done enough as president and ran a donst him under the Bull-Moose company. This led to Taft and Roosevelt stock splitting Republican suffrages and a tally Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, winning the election. From 1892 to 1928 the Republicans were winning at or above 50% in all regions besides the south, a region Democrats considered their base at the time, the fix exception macrocosm in 1912 when Teddy Roosevelt ran against William Howard Taft under the Bull-Moose Party. This resu lted in Taft and Teddy Roosevelt splitting the Republican vote .This demonstrates how strong the Republicans were during the System of 1896 wrought the nation. Wilson would idle words the nation done World War I and with it create a thriving nation. But by the end of his presidency it was his failed ideas that would stick with him and the democratic Party leading to Republicans controlling the White House for the neighboring 12 years. Willows successes included creating the Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission and Clayton Antitrust Act. In addition he was president when the 19th amendment, womans right to vote, was ratified.However, what hell always be remembered for was the idea of the League of Nations which would help dead to his companys losses in the next election. The next twelve years of Republican presidents were generally indistinct, remembered primarily for Herbert Hovers inability to deal with the striking Depression, leading to the election of Democrat Fran klin Delano Roosevelt as president. THE saucily DEAL AND THE GREAT SOCIETY (1933-1969) The Great Depression changed the way governance operated in the United States. Under feed and the new-sprung(prenominal) underwrite the US Government grew to the largest it has ever been . blueprint 1 Instead of the governing being on that point to protect the people in times of crisis when Americans needed help, the parvenue Deal salientally changed the scope of government. The government changed from reactionary to precautionary, resulting in a larger, more involved federal government. feed and the new Deal helped guide the nation out of the Great Depression and through World War II, moreover not without changing the federal government forever. The effects of this change be still seen today with welfare, Social Security, and the Tennessee Valley Authority among other government programs created by the modernistic Deal.After FED came Truman and the Marshall Plan continuing the tre nd of the United States becoming a global index finger by fling aid to Europe to rebuild from the aftermath of World War II and the threat of Communism. Truman also presided over the knowledgeableness of the United Nations, establishment of Israel as a country, the Berlin the mold of Fads ideologies. After 20 years of Democratic presidents, apply Republican and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower won the presidency. Eke oversaw the building of the interstate lane system, as well as the beginnings of the Space Race, and the Civil Rights Era.These accomplishments were safe(p), solely did not signal a full shift from the important vents odd FED and Traumas presidencies. Following Eisenhower presidency civil rights became a focus of national politics and focal points of both KEF and Labs presidencies. Lyndon B. Johnson would represent the end of the Democratic hold on the presidency. Despite his role in the civil rights movement, ending all forms of segregation, and The Great Society, he willing be remembered for beginning involvement in the Vietnam War. American involvement in Vietnam would be critical in leading Richard Nixon and the Republicans to fetching the presidency.REAGAN REVOLUTION (1981-???? ) Ronald Reagan is one of the most popularizing presidents in our nations history and was the father of the tolerate era of presidencies in the United States. Ronald Reagan defeated sitting president prize Carter in the 1980 election. Carter will be remembered for the oil crisis and gas shortage, the recession, the Iran hostage crisis, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This propelled the American people to elect Ronald Reagan, and not by a small margin. In 1980 Ronald Reagan won 489 electoral votes and 50. 8% of the popular vote to Carters 49 votes and 41%. In 1984 Reagan would win 525 votes and 58. Of the vote to Walter Modules 13 votes and 40. 6% . It was unprecedented to see a Republican to do so well nationally, as the South had been a Democratic lock . In the lead up to the 1980 election the South had been moving towards the Republican stronghold it has become. In the 1950 midterms, Republicans had won Just two position in the House from the South. In 1980 Republicans won around 40% of seats . As president, Reagan would oversee economical exploitation through lowering taxes and using supply side economics, the pushing natural covering of the Soviets and thawing of the Cold War, and progress of his goal to hiring the federal government (see numeral 1).Reggaes view of conservatism has been evident from then until now. George H. W. supply, Reggaes Vice President, would continue hobby Reggaes beliefs while president. In 1982 approximately 35% of the nation identified themselves as Republicans, by 1994 it had increased to 43%5. George Bush as president oversaw the evanesce of both the Soviet Union and Berlin Wall, led a successful Iranian Gulf War, and would institute the Americans with Disabilities Act. President Bush would lose reelection when he raised(a) taxes, against his promise of read my lips no new taxes .This provided the opportunity for a harbour Democrat from Arkansas, Bill Clinton, to win the 1992 Presidential election. Clinton continued to strengthen the economy, provided in a different way than Reagan. Clinton balanced the federal budget by raising taxes and reforming the welfare systems put in place by FED in the New Deal. In run along with Reggaes policies he ensured that in that location was free trade between North American countries with NONFAT. Following Clinton, George W. Bush was elected President based on many of his that would dictate his presidency (Afghanistan and Iraq).In addition to the wars, the ND of Bushs presidency saw the beginning of another major(ip) recession, leading to the election off liberal democrat, Barack Obama. Has the Reagan Revolution ended? We may not know for another 5-10 years. Despite Obama, a liberal Democrat, being elected president, many of Reg gaes ideas are still championed by Tea Party Republicans. This faction of the Republican Party seeks a little federal government, smaller federal budget, and more rights being surrendered to the states, as opposed to being federal issues.WHAT HAS CAUSED THIS PATTERN TO EXIST The past 150 years can be divided into four distinct eras. The first two marked by Republican presidencies, the third, and longest of the periods, a Democratic era, and finally a return to Republican control of the presidency with the Reagan Revolution. When looking at each era, a few things are evident one or two great presidents define every one of these time periods, those presidents company is the dominant party of the era, one bad presidency or event can end the era, and that in between each era there is some form of realignment.It is these conditions meshed together that create a pattern of presidential dynasties to hold out in America. The top 10 presidents in history are (in order) FED, Teddy Roosevel t, Lincoln, Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Wilson, Truman and Eisenhower. Outside of the founding fathers each of these presidents were part of one of these eras, either as the one whose ideologies defined the era or as the moderate of the other party who followed these ideologies, but with their partys themes.The only president whose policies defined an era not on this list was Reagan. According to a 2012 Gallup Poll 19% of Americans, the most common answer, thought Ronald Reagan is the Greatest in US history. Calluss top 10 consists of Reagan, Lincoln, Clinton, Kennedy, Washington, FED, Obama, Teddy Roosevelt, Truman, and George W. Bush. When broken down by party the results are similar. Figure 2 A great president defines an era, but how does the era end? These presidential dynasties end via a realignment of governmental issues in the United States.This can be caused by a single event in history, for eccentric The Great Depression, or a bad president who brings forth a need for change, such as Herbert Hoover or, potentially, George W Bush, who impact is not yet known. The era of Lincoln ended when a trio of Republican presidents (Hayes, Garfield and Arthur) did nothing to move the country forward. The System of 1896 ended ender Hoover when the US entered the Great Depression allowing FED to win the presidency for the Democrats. The era of the New Deal and the Great Society ended when LB entered the Vietnam War.Finally the Reagan Revolution may devour ended after the George W. Bush saddled the country with two wars and an economic crisis. While not all these presidents are historically bad, Lyndon B Johnson is historically remembered as an above average president due to the policies enacted during the Great Society, the volume of these presidents are remember for the harm they caused to America rather than any good they may seduce provided. For example George W. Bush led us through the worst terrorist attack in American history, 9/1 1, but his f ailures outweighed his successes and collapse cost the Republican Party in Republican mandate.A different issue has defined each era, so what causes the changes in issues? Realignment is a dramatic change in an era of politics. This includes a change in the despotic issues, dominant party and even changes to the party bases. The signs of realignment include a move of political activity not normal to U. S. Politics (I. E. Progressive Era, New Deal, Great Society, Ergonomics), a single party controlling the House, Senate, and White House, and the issue of a third party. To bring about a realignment, the new issue must be one that cuts across the existing line of party partitioning. -James Conduits . Each of these eras had a cross cutting issue that divided the country, and indeed needed someone to unify them. Lincoln had to deal with slavery, both the System of 1896 and the New Deal had to deal with economic hardship. The Great Society had to display case the issue of race in America once again. Each of these issues divided the existing parties forcing individuals to realign based on new party beliefs. The issue cant be a small issue, such as a reach a national driving age, it must be popularizing that everyone must crack up a side, like the issue of slavery during the Civil War.Realignment causes old cleavage issues to fade away. This can be seen today because the New Deal is no longer a dividing issue among people, while in the sasss and sasss it divided Republicans and Democrats across the country. A third party arises when both major parties in power straddle the issue. The third party forces one of the two major parties to sop up the issue and if not the third party rises power (e. G. Republicans and slavery during the sasss). The New Deal era is the best example of a realigning election. Franklin Roosevelt won 472 electoral votes and 57. 4% of the vote .In addition to the presidential election, the Democrats made big strides in tellingional el ections. Democrats gained 90 seats in the House and nine in the Senate , signaling a major shift in issues for the At-enact people. WILL WE acquaint A NEW PRESIDENTIAL ERA OR HAVE WE REACHED THE termination? Barack Obama is not a disciple of the Reagan Revolution, if anything he is a disciple of the New Deal. Does this mean the Reagan Revolution is over? Is Obama the beginning of a new era, henpecked by Democrats? Or have we reached the point where the patterns are over and there will no longer be a dominant party in America?If you look solely at history it points towards the subject of The Obama Era of the American presidency. Obama was president when the United States exited the recession, much like FED and McKinley. When he was first elected in 2008 it was the highest percentage of voter swindle since 1968, signaling the potential of it being a realignment election . The beginning of Beams first turn was filled with active legislating, including the passing of the Affordable Care Act. on the whole of these events fit into James Squints Theory of Partisan Realignment. What about todays current political conditions?Yes, many of the conditions that existed during Beams first term are similar to the pattern of other presidential eras, faction of the conservative right. The Tea Party fits in line with the small government beliefs of the Reagan Revolution and not Beams belief in a large, active federal government. If the Tea Party does rise to power its ideologies would be a shift from Beams. In addition to the third party not aligning with Beams views, their influence has been steadily decreasing over time. Secondly, there is no outbreak of political activity.The opposite is true as both the House and Senate find themselves gridlocked, unable to pass any legislation. Figure 3 The most recent Congress has been the least productive of the past 32 congresses . This is in part due to straight line partisan voting by members of Congress when both the House and S enate are almost evenly split in membership as is. During the previous presidential eras either members of Congress were able to work with each other to pass legislation or one party dominated the government so it was possible force any legislation through Congress.These conditions no longer exist as the United States Government becomes more and more popularized. Where does all of these leave the afterlife America? It is always safe to look back because history does have a tendency to repeat itself, but with the current conditions it isnt likely that Democrats will hold the White House for a long time. Since Gallup began monitoring presidential approval ratings, starting with Harry Truman, the two presidents who have defined their individual eras, Reagan and Johnson, have both had average approval ratings above 50%, 52. 8% and 55. 1% respectively. Beams current average its below 50% at 48% .A president with an approval rating less than 50% isnt going to set the tone for future pre sidents if less than half the nation approves of him. Another come to against an Obama Era is following the 2008 election there was potential for realignment, but it neer actually happened. Movements such as Occupy Wall Street cut away while the Tea Partys voice only got stronger. The Democrats had a come up to grab hold of the government but didnt take it. In the following 2010 midterm elections the Republicans picked up a net of 63 seats to gain back control of the House and a net of six seats in the Senate.This isnt to say that it is impossible for President Obama cant be the start of a new era of Democratic presidents but given recent history it is unlikely. CONCLUSION As President of the United States one has the potential to limit the nation. The electorate rewards these presidents (Lincoln, both Roosevelt, LB, and Reagan) by electing presidents who emulate those same positive ideologies. This led to the creation of eras of dominance by a single party. These eras produced some of most prosperous times in American history. However, the time of single party dominance has ended.The government has become more popularized, which has led to partisan gridlock. The people have been losing faith in the government to actually get anything done, which seems to be a result of new popularization, illustrated by the Do- nothing Congress. As a result the electorate changes its views and votes for the other party hoping they will actually be able to break the gridlock in government. This is not to say there will never be another great president like Lincoln or Roosevelt again, but the time of presidential eras is reaching its end, unless the federal government becomes less popularized.