Functionalist Views on Religion Essay

The functionalist view of religion stems from Durkheim who said that society is like the human body. He argued that that religion reinforces collective conscience that leads to a unity within society as a whole and that each member of the society is joined in solidarity, therefore it acts as glue. It does so by reinforcing social norms and values that bring the community together. It allows people to accept that society is about more than just the individual. However this can be questioned as western societies such as Britain are becoming increasingly secular. This means that they don’t believe in religion as much, and therefore how can religion act as a collective conscience. People are turning to science as a way of life, theories which head down the evolutionary approach. It suggests that the theory is out of date. Malinowski looked at the psychological function of religion. This looked at when things such as funerals and divorce occur. Religion acts as an act of hope which allows individuals to feel at ease when they are increasingly stressed out. They are brought together like a community within things like a funeral because it allows the individual to grieve but collectively with active members of the family and church/synagogue/mosque etc. At times of uncertainty and stress, religion helps people to gain control of themselves again, and community acts like funerals progress that. This is supported by the study of the Trobriand Islanders. The fisherman had a number of prayer rituals which they performed before going out to sea. They did this as a group of individuals to have a sense of a belonging to a community of fishermen. They would not perform these then they were sailing because of safety. Malinowski suggested that the threat of the open sea to them, was like a threat to the stability of their community and therefore they had to perform those prayer rituals to prevent that from happening. However Marxists would criticise this and say that actually religion teaches people social control. And actually when people have grieved at a funeral it doesn’t allow them to fully express their grief, they are socially controlled into â€Å"getting over it† which is morally wrong. Parsons agreed with Malinowski and Durkheim, but went further and suggested that religion provided answers to unanswered questions about the meaning of life, and about things like death, it also prevented anomie. He agreed that religion promotes social solidarity, and agreed that it helps in times of stress. EG during the Second World War, people began to gather together in churches as a community as a source of comfort. Bellah suggested that there were functional alternatives to religion known as â€Å"civil religion†, which brought whole countries together regardless of their faith but on behalf of a civil religion. He suggested that instead of religion facing secularisation it is facing transformation into isms such as Americanism. Uses religious images to promote national identity, EG in America having â€Å"God bless America† on coins or the Queen’s coronation in Britain. It is an act that allows the country to come together without questions of ethnicity, gender, religion etc. The functionalist theory of religion benefits wider society and the individual through marriage, bar mitzvahs, christenings, pilgrimages to Mecca/Lourdes, praying the holy books – Quran, Bible, Torah, and things like hymns. Religion helps to bring communities together and also helps individuals who may not feel wanted, welcomed into religious practices. However, contemporary examples suggest that religion doesn’t bind people together at all; in fact it allows the complete opposite. For example, in Northern Ireland there is conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants, which suggests that religion doesn’t help equality between religious groups. And as functionalism is a consensus theory it is doing the actual opposite – allowing conflict. Functionalism has been criticised because of today’s multicultural society. Theorists such as post-modernists are questioning whether religion can actually integrate a multi-faith society, where lots of small groups have different religious views. They would agree that Durkheim’s view of religion was accurate for a primitive society but not for a complex society such as today. Many other theorists have criticised functionalists and their theories about religion. Marxists would argue that religion oppresses groups of women and the poor, so how can religion benefit the individual or society. If an individual is being separated due to his/her gender and class then how can religion allow them to fit into a community when the elites would look down upon them. People recognise that Bellah’s approach of civil religion begins to overcome the problem, but again can something like Americanism be considered as a religion, especially if there is no belief in he supernatural? Some people would argue that religion is spread as a plan to spring hatred on one group of people. It benefits one group but puts down another. Today’s example would be of Pastor Terry Jones, wanting to burn the Quran. He brought about this plan to make Muslims angry, and therefore how can a group of Muslims be part of a community when someone in a position like his can provide such hatred for another religious group. It goes back to the question of integrating a multi-faith society. Granted that the church proposing this was small, but sometimes minority influence has an impact which is why it was all over the media. This provides evidence that religion isn’t able to benefit society or an individual because certain groups are always made to feel alienated, from a mainstream trend. To conclude, religion is inevitably able to help people in terms of crises, and does prevent anomie, but on the other hand it does allow for social cohesion to break down, as hatred for religious groups grow subtly in countries.

A time to kill

In this movie criminal law is displayed. The Jury selection process was that there were many possible Jurors, and the two lawyers picked who got to be on the Jury during the trail, 6 choice for each lawyer. The lawyers based their designs on stereotypical stereotypes such as white will always feel that black is guilty, and other factors that contributed to what each lawyer wanted.I feel as though this is fair In the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what they're final verdict will be. In today's society there Is defiantly still some tension when It comes to race, and I feel as though those opinions and beliefs comes from the old fashion ways of thinking passed on from one generation to the next. This movie does not change my opinion on the fact that I strongly believe the law should be upheld whether the person is black or white.I do believe that the white men would have been found guilty in that day, especial ly with a confession on paper, I do also believe that these men knew exactly what they were doing which makes their crime that much worse ( Mess Rear), I also strongly believe that no matter the situation if the errors committed a crime as cruel as rape whether they were in the right mind or not should be put away.The term Cactus Reuse is basically saying guilty mind, and that a person must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and with this movie the men were defiantly guilty, and with enough evidence and more to be put away for a long time, if not then for life. If I was Carl Lee I would have done what he did and more.I don't think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would feel as though them being tutored is beyond Justified and although some may argue hat life in prison would be worse than death I do not agree. How is it fair that a person commits a crime that will alter their victims life for the worst, and effect them their whole life, and be aloud t o have live in a room, with a bed and food and clothes on their back. I believe they died too easily for the crime they committed.In my opinion I completely agree with the verdict of not guilty for Carl Lee, I do not think that If he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a deference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him lining guilty or not should have effected the Juries discussion, what he did he did because he needed too, and he should not feel guilty for killing the scum that raped his daughter.The title † A Time to Kill† related to the movie because In my opinion there Is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That Is when there Is a time to kill. By Nick Starker a time to kill By nickels wanted. I feel as though this is fair in the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what they're IANAL verdict will be. In today's society there is defiantly still some tension when it more.I don't think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would that if he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a difference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him his daughter. The title † A Time to Kill† related to the movie because in my opinion there is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That is when there is a time to kill. A time to kill In this movie criminal law is displayed. The Jury selection process was that there were many possible Jurors, and the two lawyers picked who got to be on the Jury during the trail, 6 choice for each lawyer. The lawyers based their designs on stereotypical stereotypes such as white will always feel that black is guilty, and other factors that contributed to what each lawyer wanted.I feel as though this is fair In the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what they're final verdict will be. In today's society there Is defiantly still some tension when It comes to race, and I feel as though those opinions and beliefs comes from the old fashion ways of thinking passed on from one generation to the next. This movie does not change my opinion on the fact that I strongly believe the law should be upheld whether the person is black or white.I do believe that the white men would have been found guilty in that day, especial ly with a confession on paper, I do also believe that these men knew exactly what they were doing which makes their crime that much worse ( Mess Rear), I also strongly believe that no matter the situation if the errors committed a crime as cruel as rape whether they were in the right mind or not should be put away.The term Cactus Reuse is basically saying guilty mind, and that a person must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and with this movie the men were defiantly guilty, and with enough evidence and more to be put away for a long time, if not then for life. If I was Carl Lee I would have done what he did and more.I don't think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would feel as though them being tutored is beyond Justified and although some may argue hat life in prison would be worse than death I do not agree. How is it fair that a person commits a crime that will alter their victims life for the worst, and effect them their whole life, and be aloud t o have live in a room, with a bed and food and clothes on their back. I believe they died too easily for the crime they committed.In my opinion I completely agree with the verdict of not guilty for Carl Lee, I do not think that If he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a deference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him lining guilty or not should have effected the Juries discussion, what he did he did because he needed too, and he should not feel guilty for killing the scum that raped his daughter.The title † A Time to Kill† related to the movie because In my opinion there Is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That Is when there Is a time to kill. By Nick Starker a time to kill By nickels wanted. I feel as though this is fair in the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what they're IANAL verdict will be. In today's society there is defiantly still some tension when it more.I don't think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would that if he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a difference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him his daughter. The title † A Time to Kill† related to the movie because in my opinion there is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That is when there is a time to kill.

Introduction of Gps

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) 3802 O/C AMTR DASSANAYAKE MTS INTAKE 28 3802 O/C AMTR DASSANAYAKE MTS INTAKE 28 HISTORY OF GPS SEGMENTS OF GPS APPLICATIONS OF GPS GEOSTATICS ASSIGNMENT 01 HISTORY OF GPS SEGMENTS OF GPS APPLICATIONS OF GPS GEOSTATICS ASSIGNMENT 01 ASSIGNMENT I Prepare a detail report regarding GPS including following features†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Historical development. 2. Segment of GPS. 3. Wide variety of applications of GPS. INTRODUCTION * GPS is a satellite-based navigation system originally developed for military purposes and is maintained and controlled by the United States Department of Defense. GPS permits land, sea, and airborne users to determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and time. * It can be used by anyone with a receiver anywhere on the planet, at any time of day or night, in any type of weather. * There are two GPS systems: NAVSTAR – United States system, and GLONASS – the Russian version. * The NAVSTAR system is often referred to as  the  GPS (at least in the U. S. ) since it was generally available first. * Many GPS receivers can use data from both NAVSTAR and GLONASS; this report focuses on the NAVSTAR system. 1. Historical development GPS is primarily a navigational system, so a background on navigation will give insight as to how extraordinary the Global Positioning System is. * People first navigated only by means of  landmarks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ mountains, trees, or leaving trails of stones. * This would only work within a local area and the environment was subject to change due to environmental factors such as natural disasters. * For traveling across the ocean a process called  dead reckoning, which used a magnetic compass and required the calculation of how fast the ship was going, was applied. The measurement tools were crude and inaccurate. It was also a very complicated process. * When traveling over the ocean, people began using the stars as guidelines. * Th e stars appear different from different locations on Earth so analyzing the stars gave sailors the basic direction to follow. * Celestial navigation  was our primary means of navigation for hundreds of years. It was a time-consuming and complicated task of measuring the angles between stars – a process of triangulation. * The degree of precision was limited. The sextant was developed during this time but since it only measured latitude, a timepiece was also invented so that the longitude could also be calculated. * This type of navigation only worked at night and in clear weather which was a great disadvantage. * It was not until the 20th century that  ground-based radio navigation systems  were introduced. Some are still in use today. * GPS is a satellite radio navigation system, but the first systems were ground-based. * They work in the same way as does GPS: users (receivers) calculate how far away they are from a transmitting tower whose location is known. When seve ral towers are used, the location can be pinpointed. * This method of navigation was a great improvement, yet it had its own difficulties. An example of such a system is LORAN. * Each tower had a range of about 500 miles and had accuracy good to about 250 meters. * LORAN was not a global system and could not be used over the ocean. Because ground based systems send signals over the surface of the earth, only two-dimensional location can be determined. * The altitude cannot be calculated so this system could not be applied to aviation. The accuracy of such systems could be affected by geography as well. The frequency of the signal affected accuracy; a higher frequency would allow for greater accuracy, but the user would need to remain within the line of sight. * The first global navigation system was called OMEGA. It was a ground-based system but has been terminated as of 1997. * Timeline of GPS Development * Late 1960s, concept development. * Early 1970s, program funding and establi shment of a Joint Program Office within the Department of Defense. * December 1973, proposal for GPS approved by the Defense System Acquisition and Review Council (DSARC). * Mid-1970s, ground testing of the GPS concept. February 22, 1978, launch of the first GPS satellite. * 1989, Magellan Corporation introduces the first hand-held GPS receiver. * 1991, detection and fix of a major a glitch that slowed progress. * January 1991, military use of GPS in Operation Desert Storm in Iraq. * December 1993, declaration of Initial Operational Capability (IOC) by the U. S. Secretary of Defense. * May 2, 2000, SA is turned off by presidential directive; inexpensive civilian GPS receivers increase their horizontal accuracy from â€Å"no worse than† 100 meters to 15-25 meters. * Oct 1, 2005 First Modernized GPS Satellite with improved accuracy. . SEGMENTS OF GPS GPS uses radio transmissions. The satellites transmit timing information and satellite location information. The system can be se parated into three parts: i. Space segment ii. Control segment iii. User segment Connection of three segments, i. Space Segment * The space segment consists of the satellites themselves. * According to the  United States Naval Observatory, there are currently 27 operational GPS satellites about 11,000 miles up in space. * This constellation (see Figure 2 below) provides between five and eight GPS satellites visible from any point on the earth.The Space Segment * It takes each satellite about twelve hours to orbit the earth. There are six orbital planes with at least four satellites in each plane. * The orbits are tilted to the  equator  of the earth by 55 ° so that there is coverage of the  Polar Regions. * The satellites continuously orient themselves to ensure that their  solar panels  stay pointed towards the sun, and their  antennas  point toward the earth. * Also each satellite carries 4  atomic clocks. ii. Control Segment * The control segment is a group of ground stations that monitor and operate the GPS satellites. There are monitoring stations spaced around the globe and one Master Control Station located in Colorado Springs, Colorado (see Figure 3 below). * Each station sends information to the Control Station which then updates and corrects the navigational message of the satellites. * There are actually five major monitoring systems, the figure below does not include the Hawaiian station. * The stations constantly monitor the orbits of the satellites and use very precise radar to check  altitude, position and speed. * Transmitted to the satellites are  ephemeris  constants and clock adjustments. The satellites in turn, use these updates in the signals that they send to  GPS receivers. The Control Segment iii. User Segment * This part consists of user receivers which are hand-held or, can be placed in a vehicle. * All GPS receivers have an  almanac  programmed into their computer, which tells them where each satellite is at any given moment. * The GPS receivers detect, decode and process the signals received from the satellites. * The receiver is usually used in conjunction with computer software to output the information to the user in the form of a map. As the user does not have to communicate with the satellite there can be unlimited users at one time. * The user requires a GPS receiver in order to receive the transmissions from the satellites. * The GPS receiver calculates the location based on signals from the satellites. * The user does not transmit anything to the satellites and therefore the satellites don't know the user is there. * The only data the satellites receive is from the Master Control Station in Colorado. * The users consist of both the military and civilians. 3. Applications of GPS Today, GPS has a wide variety of applications and GPS is finding its way into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery and even laptop computers. * The most o bvious application for GPS is satellite navigation in vehicles, aircraft and ships. * It allows anyone with a GPS receiver to pinpoint their speed and position on land, air or sea, with incredible accuracy. * Drivers can use in-vehicle portable navigation devices to follow a route, find detours around traffic problems and with additional software receive traffic alerts and warnings on safety camera locations. GPS is used for tracking devices; people can pinpoint any object on the earth. For example, GPS vehicle tracking systems or GPS fleet tracking systems can point out where their stolen vehicle is or where their ship sails at present. * Main uses of GPS technology are as follows: a) Location †The first and foremost palpable application of GPS system is the simple determination of a position? or location; Navigation † b) The primary design of GPS tracking system was to provide navigation information or ships and planes; c) Tracking â€Å"With the accurate data provide d by the system, monitoring mobile objects or people is not difficult task anymore; d) Mapping â€Å"GPS can help in creating maps and models of everything in the planet. Mapping the earth had never been an easier task; e) Timing† GPS satellites carry highly accurate atomic clocks, and GPS tracking devices here on the ground when synchronized with those in the satellites are themselves atomic accuracy clocks providing accurate time. * There are many applications for military in GPS, * The military utilizes GPS in land, marine, and airborne navigation. In addition, GPS satellites are equipped with sensors to monitor and detect the donations of nuclear weapons. * Navigation is the main function of GPS with uses in all branches of the military. * Some examples are; photo reconnaissance, low-level navigation, target acquisition, command and control, en route navigation, and missile guidance. * Although GPS was designed for military use, civilian use of the navigation technology h as dramatically increased with the advent of affordable, portable GPS receivers and the ability to increase the accuracy of civilian GPS readings. A major use of GPS is for surveying and mapping, including land, marine, and air borne surveying, local and global deformation monitoring, and geodetic control. * Applications in transportation and communication and include automotive navigation aids, with an automated display of the vehicle position on an electronic map. This is particularly useful for emergency vehicles and search and rescue missions. * Monitoring the location and movement of vehicles such as taxis, trucks, and boxcars can also be achieved using GPS. Recreational activities have also become a large market for low-cost, portable receivers. Boating, backpacking, biking, and horseback riding are a few of the activities whose participants use fairly inexpensive, relatively low accuracy GPS receivers. * GPS is also available for other uses: hikers and ramblers can use GPS re ceivers to ensure they are following their chosen route and to mark rendezvous points along the way. * While gamers can take part in geocaching, a kind of treasure hunt for the digital age, which uses precise GPS signals to help the players track down a hidden stash. The emergency services, for instance, can use GPS not only to find their way to an incident quicker than ever before but also to pinpoint the location of accidents and allow follow-up staff to find the scene quickly. * This is particularly useful for search and rescue teams at sea and in extreme weather conditions on land where time can be a matter of life or death. * Scientists and engineers also have applications for GPS receivers, in scientific experiments, and in monitoring geological activity such as earth tremors, earthquakes and volcanic rumblings. They can use strategically positioned GPS devices to assist them in tracking climate change and other phenomena. Fundamentally, GPS can now be used to produce very acc urate maps. * GPS is a term that most commonly conjures up images of vehicle navigation systems, space-age satellite technology, and interactive maps for outdoors-types and sportsmen as well as below usages, * Know where children are using services from companies like uLocate Communications. * Keep track of elderly members of your family, so that they don’t wander off alone. * Plan a road trip around interesting points of interests, landmarks, campsites, diners, etc. Get emergency road side assistance at a touch of a button from the vehicle, so you can get help exactly where and when people need it. * Keep a visual journal and bookmark collection of your favorite hot spots, sceneries, and points of interests that may not be listed in any travel guide. * Find lost pets easily using collars with built-in GPS. * Feel safer with cellular phone emergency calls, so emergency person can pinpoint your location once you make an emergency call. * Track your luggage, laptops, and anythi ng of importance while traveling. Track and find family, friends in a crowded concert, graduation, or any social gathering. * When going on a vacation, feel free to separate from group for a while to venture on your own based on your own interests and find them later on with your GPS enabled device- even in an unfamiliar place. * Creative and educational uses of GPS; * Stay physically active and fit by playing Ray Gun! A locational based cell phone game based on GPS technology. * Become more cultured, make global friends, and learn about the world playing Geocache, a global GPS based treasure hunt. GPS boosts productivity across a wide swath of the economy, to include farming, construction, mining, surveying, package delivery, and logistical supply chain management. * Major communications networks, banking systems, financial markets, and power grids depend heavily on GPS for precise time synchronization. Some wireless services cannot operate without it. * GPS saves lives by preventi ng transportation accidents, aiding search and rescue efforts, and speeding the delivery of emergency services and disaster relief. GPS is vital to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) that will enhance flight safety while increasing airspace capacity. * GPS also advances scientific aims such as weather forecasting, earthquake monitoring, and environmental protection. * GPS use to determine a position from measurements of distances is known as triangulation  (not  triangulation, which involves the measurement of angles). * GPS  receivers  receive satellite signals; they do not transmit or bounce signals off the satellites. GPS Systems are a passive, receive-only system, GPS Systems can support an unlimited number of users, both military and ivilian. * GPS system provides a 24 hour per day global coverage. GPS systems are an all-weather system which is not affected by rain, snow, fog, or sand storms. * GPS use to measure distances to four or more satellites simultaneously and knowing the exact locations of the satellites (included in the signals transmitted by the satellites), the receiver can determine its latitude, longitude, and height while at the same time synchronizing its clock with the GPS time standard which also makes the receiver a precise time piece.

Ethical and Legal implications of lack of access to healthcare Case Study

Ethical and Legal implications of lack of access to healthcare - Case Study Example The high expectations of ensuring effective care to those suffering from acute illnesses have taken a toll on the health care system in the country due to shortage of available resources against the number of people in need of care. Allocation of scarce resources in the midst of increasing costs and unemployment has led to a series of debates among scholars regarding the role and impact of ethics in provision of health care services. Although various health care reforms have been initiated over the years, to ensure better care for the citizens, the nurses and other care givers are entrusted with an ethical responsibility to provide equitable and fair distribution of resources (White, Duncan, 2002). The ethical obligation to offer adequate and timely health care services across all classes of the society entails two key principles of health care which includes - the provision of fair and equal opportunities to all members of the society and to protect and safeguard the interests of th e vulnerable populations by providing them proper health care benefits. These principles seem to have eroded with time, on account of increasing costs of drugs, rise in health care expenditures, and the resulting cost-control measures arising out of the same. This has lead to serious negative implications on the society as a whole such as reduction in overall health of the citizens, reduction in employee productivity, and an increased burden on the health care system in terms of added costs among many others (Sulmasy, 1992). Although access to health care services is not an end to all health related problems, the equitable access to such services does however significantly increases the odds of attaining better health outcomes due to timely diagnosis and treatment. According to the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedicine and Behavioral Science Research Commission, one of the key ethical obligations of the society includes ensuring equal access to health care services. The commission states that "Equitable access to health care requires that all citizens be able to secure an adequate level of care without excessive burdens" (Millman 1993, Pp. 32). Legal Implications of lack of access to health care: There are wide ranging racial disparities in the United States with regard to health care, despite of stringent laws against such discrimination. However, such disparities exist on account of various reasons such as the vulnerabilities of people belonging to certain races such as African Americans and Hispanics who belong to low socio-economic backgrounds. According to The Civil Rights Act of 1964, any discrimination in provision of health care may lead to enforcement of legal action against the accused. Section 601 of Title VI states that "No person in the United States, shall, on the grounds of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any program or activity r eceiving federal financial assistance" (Williams 2007, pp. 180). This clearly indicates that law prohibits any kind of discrimination however preventing such discrimination poses a greater challenge, due to the various types of

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc Essay

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that proper project management is important for any project to meet its objective and achieve success. Project management involves in-depth process of planning, execution or implementation, and monitoring and evaluation at every phase of implementation. If it is not a perpetual project, a final stage of project closing is included. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to enhance the current business strategy by introducing a new approach on their core business model to improve business performance and success. This paper will attempt to provide advice to the management of Zenith PM on the current thinking on offsite manufacturing or modern methods of construction, the potential impact of change in direction from a change management perspective on Zenith PM’s existing business strategy focusing on existing organizational and project processes, how a transition might be undertaken using a project management solu tion including an implementation strategy) and explore all risk management issues that may be prevalent. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to have a new approach on their core business model. They have made the decision to incorporate offsite manufacturing with an aim to enter a new niche market (which could give them competitive advantage), stabilize the workforce (to reduce turnover), and improve the financial position of the company (working capital requirements and improved order book). 2. Current thinking on Offsite Manufacturing 2.1 New development Based on the business of Zenith PM, it is apparent that reliance on the traditional manufacturing methods will not put the firm in a competitive advantage particularly given that other firms in the market have embraced advanced technologies boosting their competition and production levels. The management’s decision to adopt offsite manufacturing sounds long overdue but a good measure though challenging to grow firm size, motivate staff, increase production, improve quality, improve client satisfaction, and increase firm turnover. Offsite manufacturing leads to improved project delivery and positively influence the performance of the construction industry by reducing the project’s duration by almost half and increased onsite productivity. Zenith PM should carry out an Analysis of internal and external market forces so that they can have a smooth way forward. Zenith PM can use the business analysis model of SWOT by Albert Humphrey to identify Zenith PM’s strengths and weaknesses, which are internal factors as well as opportunities and threats, the external factors. The company’

Research paper for Peggy Lee Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

For Peggy Lee - Research Paper Example Her career in music started in 1935 when she sang for the first with a local band and continued on in such a way till 1941 (Strom 10). It was in 1941 when her first song was recorded which was followed by several more recording of songs (Strom 18). She entered the film business and in a few movies, one being Lady and the Tramp in 1955. In 1995, she was presented with the Grammy’s Lifetime Achievement Award and was included in the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1999. She died at the age of eighty one years in January, 2002. 2. She was born in a small city called Jamestown, situated in North Dakota (Strom 6). It was in this city where she first performed on the radio and a hotel where she was first noticed by Benny Goodman which led to her first official recording. She spent her last days and died in Los Angeles in California. 3. Peggy Lee did not learn music in a traditional way, but, rather, it came to her naturally. She sang in high school, her Church’s choir and even len t her voice for some local bands. 4. She only sang, there has been no mention of her ever playing any instrument. 5. She was amongst the first few to recognize the rock and roll genre in the field of music. She is also said to be a great influence on some of the world’s greatest singers such as Paul McCartney, Madonna, Bette Midler, etc. 6. No information found. 7. She started off performing with local bands but followed with solo acts. However, she did accompany another singer from time to time. 8. She was particularly known for how her voice turned soft, and even cool whilst singing songs (Unknown), which remained her signature for all her work, for her â€Å"delicately husky and reserved style† (Peggy Lee). 9. During the early 1980s, Peggy Lee came up with an idea of a Broadway stage show called â€Å"Peg† which was based on her own life. However, it did not appeal to the audience and, so, was closed down (Larkin). She is the only woman to have her songs in t he Top Ten hits during the 1940s, 1950s as well as 1960s. She also tried out sculpting and painting, and reproduced the hands of famous men like Albert Schweitzer (Hemming and Hajdu). 10. Her first husband Dave Barbour was the guitarist of Goodman’s band of whom she was a member, too. They divorced but were close till he died. The other three husbands were also from the music/film industry. She also worked with Sonny Burke, Mike Renzi, and Keith Ingham Octet amongst many others (Clarke). 11. She wrote music for films that she even acted in as well as those for her album. Her work was quite diverse and included poetry, chamber pop, jazz as well as art songs. 12. Peggy Lee was a composer, a singer, songwriter as well as an actress. 13. It was in March 1943 when she got married to David Barbour (Strom 29). In November of the same year, her first child Nicki Lee Babour was born (Strom 30). However, she divorced him in 1952 and married the actor Brad Dexter in 1953. Again, these t wo got divorced and she married another actor Dewey Martin three years later, in 1956. This marriage was also not to last for long and the two got divorced in 1958. Her fourth marriage was to Jack Del Rio in 1964 but they signed up for a divorce a bare year later. 14. Her most famous song is her version of â€Å"Fever† by the lyricists Eddie Cooley and John Davenport, originally written for Little Willie John. She added a few lines on her own which are not considered to be part of the original song and excluded some which she thought to be too

Financing Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Financing Terrorism - Essay Example Terrorism comprises an insensate assault on humankind's most elemental ideals and principles -- the prerogative to a life lived in amity, independence and self-respect. The terrorists' premeditated and arbitrary carnage of innocent civilians is a disparaging refutation of the deference for the inviolability of human life. Ideally, everyone has the right to life, emancipation and security of person, as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights explicitly declares. Hence, feats of terrorism are on no account valid and reasonable by considerations of a religious, political, philosophical, or other reason of like nature. Principal objective of this treatise is to address the dilemma on terrorist financing, likewise probe and assess the issues related to the economics of terrorism. And based on the investigation, it attempts to advocate ways that will lead to the curtailment of these nefarious activities and possibly for their total eradication. The subject matter proved to be an appealing issue since this writer strongly believes that by adhering to the "follow the money" philosophy, terrorist finances can be spotted, identified, located and eventually its flow can be interrupted thereby disrupting terrorist activities and ultimately preventing further success of terrorist acts and all other forms of global terrorism. Preceding researchers and writers have explicitly tackled the problem of terrorism. However, many of them have focused only on the events themselves and the ramifications on the commission of such crimes, or who are the perpetrators and the possible retaliation of the aggrieved parties and its effects on the global economy. Ignored and overlooked are some highly significant issues and one of them is the financing of such activities which is dealt with in this work. This paper then begins with brief references to the manifold definitions of the term and proceeds to address issues like: 1) Where and how terrorist organizations secure their funds; 2) How these radicals/fanatics transfer money; 3) What steps have been taken by governments to stop terrorist financing; 4) The difficulties in tracking down terrorist financiers; and the important question of 5) how regimes and governmental agencies combat terrorist financing. Literature Review Definition Crisis Providing for an explicit definition of the term "terrorism" and giving it accurate characterization has become a problematic task. It has grown to be so subjective that according to one author, the effort to define it has been likened to an art rather than a science (Burgess, 2003). Reporting of terrorist activities in media over the years has further contributed to the confusion of trying to define the word, which is diversely depicted as the work of, among others, "extremists," "guerillas," "commandos," and "fundamentalists." In addition, the adverse undertones associated with the word 'terrorism' have complicated

Dangerous Properties of Materials Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dangerous Properties of Materials - Coursework Example Though all forms of mercury can cause effects in the central and peripheral nervous system, methyl mercury and metallic mercury are more harmful. Acute inhalation of metallic mercury vapours may cause damage to the lungs, nausea, diarrhea, increased blood pressure, skin rashes, eye irritation, chest pains, stomatitis, gingivitis, cough, dyspnea and salivation. Chronic exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury may cause permanent damage to brain, kidneys and developing fetus. Effects of chronic exposure on brain functioning may cause weakness, fatigue, weight loss, vision or hearing disorders, tremors development, behavioral changes, aneuploidy in lymphocytes of the exposed, dremographia and memory loss. Chronic exposure to mercuric compounds is sometimes also characterized by anorexia, apathy, fever, diaphoresis, photophobia, insomnia and scaling or peeling of the skin of the hands and feet with bullous lesions. Toxicity Metabolites and Biomarkers Exposure to organo-mercury compounds is indicated by chemical analysis of blood mercury. Inorganic mercury concentrations in blood can be used to determine acute exposure to high dose of mercury. Absorption of phenyl mercury through gastrointestinal tract with even acute exposure resulted in a marked increase in blood concentrations as well as urinary excretion of mercury. Chemical analysis of urinary mercury can alternatively be used to determine exposure to chronic, low and moderate inorganic mercury forms. As mercury can deposit on hair from surface contamination, hair mercury is a good indicator of exposure to methyl mercury. Dose The acute lethal dose for inorganic mercury compounds is 1 to 4 grams or 14 to 57 milligrams per kilogram body weight for a 70 kg adult person. The acute lethal dose ranges from 20 to 60 milligrams per kilogram body weight of methyl mercury for a 70 kg adult person. According to EPA, a limit of 2 parts of mercury per billion parts of drinking water (2 ppb) is saf e for human health. A limit of 1 part of methyl mercury in a million parts of seafood (1 ppm) has been set by the Food and Drug Administration. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has suggested a maximum permissible limit of 0.1 milligram of organic mercury per cubic meter of workplace air (0.1 mg/m3) and 0.05 mg/m3 of metallic mercury vapor for 8-hour shifts and 40-hour work. Effects on the environment, cases and their treatment Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring odorless liquid metal with shiny, silver-white appearance. Mercury also combines with other elements to form several inorganic salts and organo-mercury compounds. It enters the environment naturally from rocks, soil, volcanic activity, and by vaporization from the oceans. However, two-third of the Mercury entering the atmosphere every year is released from human sources. These sources include coal-burning power plants, chemical manufacturing plants, waste incinerators and mining of ore deposits. The disease caused by exposure to mercury compounds is called Mercury poisoning, Hydrargyria or Mercurialism. The first case of mercury poisoning was witnessed among researchers at St Bartholomew’s Hospital in 1865. Two of the three technicians died because of excessive exposure to methyl mercury while manufacturing organic mercurial compounds. Human exposure to high levels of

Time Travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Time Travel - Essay Example And having thought what to do, we can only do it now: while the time for action is future we can only await it, and once it is past it is too late. When it comes to time travel, the perception of difference somewhat diminishes, according to various scientists theories presented in various ways we conclude that most of them agree with the notion that in order to travel back in time one has to travel faster than the speed of light. Only in such condition one can travel in time. Along with the speed of light, there are other three factors that are considered for a person in order to travel. Those factors or four elements on which time travel is based are considered at the very core of science fiction, which are: Foote has his own unique perception according to which traveling whether it be the future or the past is reasonable to justify and can be universally accepted by the judgment that a person is always involved in traveling all the time, every minute and at every second and particularly in his sleep because as we sleep our consciousness takes a several hour-long leap into the future. It is no wonder that this scenario has a respectable, if dateable, past in the literature of science and fiction. But nothing, nothing except dream and memory, stands in relation to travel to the past as sleep does to travel to the future. Travel to the past takes all customary notions of cause and effect, as Foote believes in the laws of thermodynamics. (Foote, 1991, p. 9) which suggests, "heat is a form of energy that is in motion". Let us examine this quotation what Foote has said. Heat is a form of energy and so is the man. A living energy in the form of meat and flesh. A man if moves in motion obviously generates and radiates energy and if a man travels faster than the speed of a light it is for sure that he would wake up in an environment which is quite old and ancient for him. Faster than light travel No doubt Foote has related human capabilities with those of the speed of light. Here is the theory presented by Foote based upon FTL travel first: it is true that the physicists of the tribe have devised a mathematical fiction called the tachyon, which, if it exists, must travel faster than light. Greatly simplified, the logic runs like this: in the universe we observe, we postulate the existence of tardyons, particles which must travel more slowly than light, and luminons, which always travel at precisely the speed of light. The more energy one puts behind a tardyon, the faster it travels and the heavier it gets; but as one approaches the speed of light, vast increases in energy are required to accomplish minuscule increases in speed. Only an infinite amount of energy which is not available to us in this universe will suffice to bring a tardyon to the speed of light". (Foote, 1991, p. 9) There is indeed an asymmetry in respect of past and future in the way in which we describe events when we are considering them as standing in causal relations to one another; Macbeath explains this as it reflects an objective asymmetry in nature and thinks that this asymmetry would reveal itself to us even if we were not agents but mere observers. It is indeed true, that our concept of cause is bound up with our concept of intentional action: if an

Reflective Report On Class Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Report On Class Debate - Essay Example The report concludes with the learning outcome on how arguments over a topic are developed, structured and evaluated in a debate. Discussion The motion of the report was that the companies should have limits or makes a fixed value for the wage of the senior management in the companies. My team members were against the motion of the debate i.e. the companies should not put limits or doesn’t make a fixed value for the remuneration of senior management in their compensation policy. First, my team members worked hard in identifying the possible arguments that supports our point of view and go against the topic of the debate. Secondly, my team members organise and structure the arguable points in the most meaningful manner that convinces the opponent debating group. My group members would have worked better if we had used some known evidence or statistics from literature and research. My Team Members’ Argument The key points developed in support of the argument were to discu ss the idea and purpose of the compensation system and policy, addressing the worth of senior management for companies in a broader context, the changing perspectives on the reasons why management wages are not kept fixed, and identifying reasons that justify the extended worth of senior management. Before arguing over the topic, it is important to first understand the rationale behind the wage system and policy of companies. The compensation policy by which companies reward their employees is not a mere system of paying off workers for their time and efforts, rather a compensation policy is often a strategic competitive edge by which companies retain the human capital to their organisations for a longer period of... This paper approves that the key points presented by the opponents were that wage discrimination leads to professional jealousy, influences motivation, detainment of financial resources around senior management and that performance criterion are reflective of job description, responsibility and skills. The other side argued that the companies should have limits for wages of senior management, as this wage discrimination creates a negative internal competition, decreases employee motivation and professional jealously amongst the lower and top management employees. Management personnel and seniors in a company serve as assets because; one, there is no substitute of experience; second, the cost of attracting new talent is too stupendous than retaining the old ones. This paper makes a conclusion that when preset performance standards systematically justify the professional worth of every individual irrespective of the management level then what is the reason for delimiting the wage scale for senior management on behalf of their extended worth? It is an unfair company policy which consumes a large proportion of organisational financial resources for around a small group of individuals. This limits a company’s ability to leverage and transfer benefits to a major portion of employees working for that company. The strength of the argument was it develops logical link between the supporting statements, though the researchers and authors have commented on both the arguments and there is no right conclusion for this debate found in the research.

Historic Fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Historic Fiction - Essay Example The story spins around the life of Edmond Dantes, starting out from the years of his youth and innocence and develops as Dantes’ life takes new turns. Dumas has chosen to start the story with feelings of hope and ambition, only to turn these feelings around as Dantes is conspired against. Eventually Dantes is sent to the Chateau d’Iif, a notorious prison that has the ability to break down even the most potent of men. The innocent Dantes is shown as trusting of his comrades but essentially he is betrayed by the very people that he chooses to trust. The image of an innocent Dantes is something that everyone in the audience can relate to. This is true since human beings have a tendency to associate themselves with innocence and to declare themselves absolvent under most circumstances. Typically, the average human being feels more sinned against than sinned by. This is something that people can associate with regardless of the age that they themselves belong to. Dumas has m anipulated this aspect of human nature adeptly in order to make the story relevant to all kinds of audiences. This aspect has been replicated in order to produce wide appeal for the story being penned. Another notable aspect of Dumas’ work is the development of the plot once Dantes is inside the dreaded Chateau d’Iif. Dantes transforms from a God fearing Christian filled with hope for justice into a godless wretch who breeds nothing but hate and revenge. The actions carried out by Dantes such as his etching out the days in prison on the walls of his cell portray Dumas’ skill of involving the audience. Dantes etches days as long as he carries some hope of justice but he stops when he realizes that justice is not about to arrive. The overall creation of this sub climax inside the story signifies a strong technique used by Dumas – he uses outwards

Stock Market and Brand Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Stock Market and Brand Portfolio Essay 1. Brand Portfolio a. What is your 5 year plan regarding the brand portfolio across the two markets. Give justification Our Period 2 results have swept the industry and we have become number one team in our industry. We are the leaders in value market shares (23%) and unit market shares (29%) in Squazols market. Our 5 year plan will focus on maintaining the brand equity in the Squazols market as we can see the 5-year anticipatory growth in manufacturing and construction sector and we have products strategically placed in Squazols market. Although we have invested in RD of new product in Trigols market on anticipation of new segment in Utility, but as Trigols market is capital intensive and we don’t have market statistics to support new products in that market, we do not see requirement to diversify into Trigols market. Our plan will be to slowly diversify in the new market based on Ansoff’s grid platform, if we anticipate the need. Eg: based on profitability and market growth and share, we will position our products as Stars (with RD expenditure) or if it does not perform well, we can withdraw the product, and diversify into Trigols market. a. How much do you think will be your stock price index after 5 years As per our actual SPI rise from Period 1 to Period 2, it has increased by (1266-1061)/1061 = 19.3 %. Now, as we have been number two player in the Buffalo industry in period 1, and have become market leader in period 2, we anticipate similar growth pattern in future with an average 20% growth year on year. As such, our 5 year conservative estimate for SPI will be ((1.2)^4)*1266= 2625.17 assuming 20 % year on year growth due to our strategies and brand portfolio as described above. [emailprotected] Verify your industry team on the marketing plan doc Identify the same in the subject in the email

Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics

Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics Akhil Reddy Leburu   Abstract This paper briefly describes about intellectual properties and ethical statements which plays an important role in the society. Intellectual property defines the creativity of a unique skills of an individual. Plagiarism is taking someones work without giving credit to them. This is the most ethical statement that everyone should follow. Keywords: Intellectual property, Plagiarism. Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics Intellectual property is defined creative thinking that is implemented by humans such as images, movies, research etc. Innovators, artists and business owners are granted certain rights to a variety of untouchable assets for the specific period. Intellectual property provides patent to industries, designing, copyrights and for innovative inventions. Intellectual property is an intangible asset to a company; it gives confidence to the business partners and financial institutions to collaborate or to invest with an organization. Intellectual property can be protected by the copyrights, the term original in the copyright law means it is originated with the author so that it protects ones own ideas or creations or inventions (IPOS, 2016). The main purpose of protection of copyrights and related rights is to encourage and reward creative work. Plagiarism Plagiarism is obtaining someones work and not giving back the credit. It can be identified easily and avoided by copyright laws. There are several reasons for plagiarism that include; laziness of the people leads to the stealing of other person ideas and works, people who rush to do things in last minute are meant to do things that would make easier, lack of knowledge on proper citation, various topics availability on internet so that people can easily copy required content in the manner with paraphrasing it that leads to plagiarism, lack of knowledge on understanding the effects of plagiarism and attitude, procrastination are also reasons for plagiarism. It someone copys other information which leads to the loss of their ability to think, knowledge on research work or task and loss of improving their written skills (Plagiarism.org, 2014). Ethical and responsible uses of intellectual property The main purpose of using intellectual property is encouraging people towards learning and to provide opportunity towards new inventions. Intellectual properties can be protected with different tool which include; copyrights, trademarks and patents. Copyrights provides protection to the works of creators such as books, music, songs, films, computer programs, paintings, databases, advertisements, maps and technical diagrams. The patent is only right granted for the innovations. It helps to decide the owner of the patent. So, the owner can have the right to exchange their copyrights in the market. Unethical uses of intellectual property Most of the organization or individual persons used others creations or brand names without taking any permission from authorized persons that leads to destroying of civilization, it cant be used for illegal activities such as creating cultural differences, illness, spread diseases which result in human death and unethical usage of ones intellectual property creates legal issues so that intellectual property should be utilized in specific manners. Many people download the content like music, movies and games etc. from the unknown source without taking from the original sites that affects the people who dedicate their time and money for in making those happen. Four statements of self-best practice I do not just copy and paste the data from any source, I will quote the statement which is referred and name the source. I will use the plagiarism tools that are available online and review the text. I will think in a creative way that is unique from others. I will make a copyright of my work for future purposes. Actions for ethical usage of intellectual property I will share the details of original author while using their writings in prescribed format. I would like to identify the unique work of others and share. Plagiarism tools can help to identify the text format whether it is copied or not. I would like to protect intellectual property to give credit for the authors and to encourage creative thinking. Actions to avoid unethical usage of intellectual property I wouldnt encourage the plagiarism by destroying the rules and regulations which are formed by the university. I wouldnt use intellectual property when writing a paper or for the research work. I wont use un-copyrighted prints or movies to respect of original authors or makers. References Government of United Kingdom. (2014, November 18). Exceptions to copyright. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from www.gov.uk: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exceptions-to-copyright IPOS. (2016, Sep 21). What is Intellectual Property and what are the different types? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from ipos.gov.sg: http://www.ipos.gov.sg/AboutIP/TypesofIPWhatisIntellectualProperty.aspx Plagiarism.org. (2014). WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from plagiarism.org: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ WIPO. (2016). What is Intellectual Property? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from wipo.int: http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

Features of Exploitation Strategy

Features of Exploitation Strategy 1.1 Exploitation Strategy Exploitation analysis and activities go on for the entire life of the project, taking advantage of every progress-step and achievement. The exploitation approach of the project has been structured in a recurrent cycle in which every step enables refining to define a list of activities implementing exploitation. The sequence consists of the following items: Identification of exploitable results Every identified project outcome is rated to check its eligibility for exploitation: resulting items are listed and classified by means of typology (product, process, method, data etc.) to understand the ways in which they can be shared, delivered and accessed. For each result, the level of protection is defined, although it can be specialized during next steps of analysis, to allow IPR to be different for the various involved stakeholders. Results are also given a priority that represents their importance among the exploitation activities. Identification of stakeholders Exploitable results are associated with the groups of stakeholders identified by the project (education, technical developers, industries, public communities, authorities, policy makers, etc.). The match between the results and groups of stakeholders identifies different sets of results: this step of the exploitation definition process considers the opportunity to group them in subsets to handle them together or because of their dependencies. Therefore, exploitation deals with these collections of bundles with common features: specific purpose: the common aim of the result set type of business: the area of activity of the stakeholders that can be addressed required resources: elements needed to make the bundle sustainable Association with actions This is the conclusion of each cycle of the process. The purpose is to establish the concrete activities that implement exploitation. The actions are defined in relation to the results of the previous steps concerning stakeholders and bundles: each exploitable result is associated with one or more bundles related to a set or a single stakeholder group. The actions are grouped in a set of focuses that depict specific areas of activities: technology development, knowledge building, educational training, standards development, services development, IPR protection, policy making etc. As in the preceding steps, the definition of these actions can be refined and updated during the life of the project. 1.2 Exploitable Results To identify the exploitable results of each partner and the current state of these results a table was constructed with these results, the state of this results and the possible audience.ÂÂ   The results are presented in Table 2.1 collects the exploitable results identified by the partners at this stage of the project (Month 12). The description of each result is based on partners contribution and should be considered from a preliminary perspective to draft the initial version of the Exploitation Report. Next versions of this report will include further description of each result if required. Table 1: Exploitable results of COMPINNOVA and their state up to month 12 A/A Exploitable Result Description Classification Involved Partners Stakeholders Actions M6-M12 1 Bulk catalyst development Process and product SUN Scientific community, powder material industries, investors Experiments, evidence of proper bulk pellet catalyst development 2 Thin film catalyst development Process and product NTUA Scientific community, powder material industries, investors Experiments, evidence of proper thin film catalyst development 3 Use of the Lorentz force activation for redox process Process and method NTUA Scientific community, powder material industries, investors Experiments, first evidence of activation of surfaces and redox process 4 Integrated bench plant for hydrogen production Process and system NTUA Scientific community, energy producers and users, industries, Governments, investors Initial evidence of hydrogen production, initial market analysis, initial contacts with Public Power Corporation (Greece) 5 Integrated bench plant for hydrocarbon production Process and system SUN Scientific community, energy producers and users, industries, Governments, investors Experiments, initial contacts with ENEA (Italy) 6 Multiscale modeling and explanation of the process of hydrogen production Simulation and modeling IPSAS Scientific community Qualitative analysis of the electro-magneto-chemical process 7 Powder manufacturing as precursor for catalyst manufacturing Process and product NTUA Scientific community, powder material industries, investors Experiments, publication of the method for powder production (see 2nd dissemination report) 1.3 Exploitation Management EXIS acts as Exploitation Manager heading the Exploitation Committee (EC) with representatives from NTUA, SUN, CRANFIELD, FU SAV. The Exploitation Committee supervises the management of IPR and coordinates the definition of the exploitation plan. Specifically, the HELENIC-REF EC shall: Coordinate and implement exploitation activities; Propose IPR and exploitation strategies and (eventual) associated updates to the Consortium Agreement (CA); Contribute to proper exploitation of the results by supporting all Partners Monitor the use of resources for exploitation issues. The Exploitation Activities are in close relation with Dissemination Activities (as they are -or will be- presented in Deliverables D4.14-D4.18) in order to achieve a sustained impact. The approach of HELENIC-REF for achieving a sustained impact is presented in the following Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2: HELENIC-REF approach for sustained impact 1.4 IPR Management The management of IPR is strictly ruled by the Consortium Agreement (CA) which includes all provisions related to the management of IPR including ownership, protection and publication of knowledge, access rights to knowledge and pre-existing know-how as well as questions of confidentiality, liability and dispute settlement. In the CA, the Partners have identified the background knowledge included and excluded. The CA regulates the ownership of results (Section 8 of the CA) The knowledge acquired during the project shall be considered as a property of the contractor generating it, and in this sense the originator is entitled to use and to license such right without any financial compensation to the other contributors. If the features of a joint invention are such that it is not possible to separate them, the contributors could agree that they may jointly apply to obtain and/or maintain the relevant rights and shall make effort to reach appropriate agreements to do so. The CA also regulates the transfer of results ownership (Section 8.2 of the CA) Each Signatory Party may transfer ownership of its own Foreground following the procedures of the Grant Agreement Article 30. Each Signatory Party may identify specific third parties it intends to transfer the ownership of its Foreground to in Attachment (3) to the CA. The other Signatory Parties hereby waive their right to prior notice and their right to object a transfer to listed third parties per the Grant Agreement Article 30.1 The transferring Party shall, however, at the time of the transfer, inform the other Parties of such transfer and shall ensure that the rights of the other Parties will not be affected by such transfer. Any addition after the signature of the CA requires a decision of the Project Steering Committee (PSC). Status of IPR (M12) As the project reaches its first year, the results from the ongoing research about proving the ability of Hydrogen production and the reduction of water with Lorentz forces are promising. The results once fully verified, can subject to publications or even patents. The project may deliver additional results by the end of the project that the partnership may wish to exploit. In this case the Consortium (headed by the Exploitation Manager) will discuss use of such results on a case-by-case basis. For the management of knowledge, the consortium and the Exploitation Manager are regularly monitor and evaluate possibilities of IPR. The consortium has already defined future activities to discuss and evaluate raising questions. According to the initial plan, at the next general meetings these discussions will take place. At all upcoming meetings as session will be devoted to IPR and exploitation issues to further specify the plans of the consortium. Any third parties that may involve in exploitation will sign a non-disclosure agreement.

Frankenstien All Behavior Is L Essay -- essays research papers

The monster’s behavior was directly related to, his experiences with society and its treatment of him. All behavior is learned, therefore if the monster was to be good or evil depended on societies reaction to him. Even though the monster had a fully matured body, he was like a child because he had no memories or experiences of his own. When the monster was given life he had no concept of good or evil. Everything that he did or experienced was something new to him. All of the monster’s behaviors would have to be learned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The monster’s first encounter with another being occurred the night that he was born. Shortly after the monster was given life, he was feared and hated. From the moment of the monster’s birth Victor hated and despised it, rather than embracing and loving it. In the monster’s crucial moments of development, he got his first experience of hate and fear. The monster had the same needs that a child would. Like a child at birth, the monster should have received love and care. Instead Victor, his father, hated the monster and ran from it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The monster later encountered a poor farming family. The monster watched the way that the different family members interacted with one another. In his observation of them he learned the lessons that his father had neglected to teach him. The monster learned the concepts of love and affection. When the monster watched th...

Setting in Greasy Lake by T. Coraghessan Boyle Essay -- Greasy Lake T.

Greasy Lake by T. Coraghessan Boyle Nature has a powerful way of portraying good vs. bad, which parallels to the same concept intertwined with human nature. In the story â€Å"Greasy Lake† by T. Coraghessan Boyle, the author portrays this through the use of a lake by demonstrating its significance and relationship to the characters. At one time, the Greasy Lake was something of beauty and cleanliness, but then came to be the exact opposite. Through his writing, Boyle demonstrates how the setting can be a direct reflection of the characters and the experiences they encounter. The lake itself plays a major role throughout the story, as it mirrors the characters almost exactly. For example, the lake is described as being â€Å"fetid and murky, the mud banks glittering with broken glass and strewn with beer cans† (125). The characters are also described as being â€Å"greasy† or â€Å"dangerous† several times, which ties the lake and the characters together through their similarities. The narrator explains, â€Å"We were bad. At night we went up to Greasy Lake† (124). This demonstrates the importance that the surroundings in which the main characters’ choose to be in is extremely important to the image that they reflect. At the beginning of the story, these characters’ images and specifically being â€Å"bad† is essentially all that mattered to them. â€Å"We wore torn up leather jackets†¦drank gin and grape juice†¦sniffed glue and ether and what somebody claimed was cocaine† (124). They went out of their ...

Foreign Investment in India

The article â€Å"Indian firms' foreign ownership at its peak† talks about foreign ownership in listed Indian firms. According to the analysts the foreign ownership has reached its peak and is expected to rise further as corporate profitability grows. However, factors such as high inflation and corruption may result in overseas investors being careful with their actions. As a result of year 2010, foreign institutional investors (FIIs) shareholding rose to the highest level since Indian markets opened up to foreign investment in 1993. In addition, strong corporate earnings had made India the top investment destination in 2010. As India is the second fastest growing major economy in the world after China, it is likely to attract higher investments in the future. Although the growth potential outlook for India remains positive, it is susceptible to correction due to is top priced trading compared to other markets. The threat of high inflation and rising crude prices resulting in a slow-down of growth and corporate profitability has affected the foreign investors action. The moderation in foreign flows has led to a decline in stock prices. An increase in FII shareholding was detected in sectors, such as consumer goods, pharma, metals, large software firms and telecom service providers. In banking and financial industry, however, the FIIs stakes were lowered as well as in most construction firms. The trend in foreign inflows in the future will depend largely on whether macroeconomic concerns such as inflation abate as well as on policy initiatives in the national budget to be tabled in Parliament next month. According to the article, investors remain careful with their action in the mean time until policy cues particularly around the budget are solved.Link to the article:http://www.allbusiness.com/trade-development/trade-development-finance/15460726-1.html

Inflation Is Assumed

Inflation is untrue Chapter 1 True / ill-judged Questions 1. Inflation is assumed to be a temporary caper that does non affect fiscal finishs. incorrect 2. monetary jacket cr hold is make up of semipermanent correct and equipment, as well as sepa come in tangible coronations. fictional 3. solid thugital is composed of long plant and equipment. squ ar(a) 4. During the 1930s, monetary practice rotated rough such(prenominal) topics as the delivery of keen, maintenance of cryst whole toldineity, re system of rules of financi each(prenominal)y lush corpo symmetryns and bankruptcy. full-strength 5. In the mid 1950s, pay began to remove to a to a greater extent analytical, decision-oriented approach. original 6. Recently, the furiousness of monetary focus has been on the consanguinity amongst bump and return. authoritative 7. The al near(a) harsh partnership arrangement carries curb liability to the partners. mendacious 8. In wrong of revenues a nd improvements, the corpo symmetryn is by outlying(prenominal) the intimately key bring in of dividing line shaping in the United States. straight 9. Dividends give to bodied swayh gray-headeders start already been appraiseed once as corporal income. consecutive 10. matchless(prenominal) usefulness of the corpo yard mark of organization is that income received by old-hatholders is non rateable since the corpo dimensionn already stipendiary revenue incomees on the income distributed. senseless 11. A tummy must fuddle got much than 75 standardholders to qualify for Subchapter S designation. dark 12. Profits of a Subchapter S corporation ar taxed at unified tax rates. err bingleous 13. Corporate administration issues clear become less measurable to the financial community during the first decennary of the vernal millennium. fictional 14. manner conjecture examines the blood between companies and their customers. chimerical 15. A study focu s of the Sarbanes Oxley map is to patch up sure that human racely traded companies accurately put forward their assets, liabilities and income in their financial directions. legitimate 16. The Sarbanes Oxley impress is in the main intended to subjoin popular examen of orphic companies that had previously been exempt from galore(postnominal) human beings disclosure requirements. ludicrous 17. mo winary standard is non a particularly important consideration in financial decisions. faithlessly 18. Maximizing the winnings of the tight is the cultivation of financial heed. chimerical 19. Insider commerce involves the usance of information not addressable to the ordinary earthly stir to make lettuces from transaction in a comp eachs neckcloth. authentic 20.Financial commercializes dwell as a vast globose ne twork of occurrence-by-items and financial institutions that may be lenders, borrowers, or owners of public companies humanwide. rightful(a ) 21. property commercialise places refer to those grocerys dealing with short securities having a tone of one yr or less. admittedly 22. Money marketplaces refer to markets where unneeded corporate hard immediate payment is exchanged for inappropriate currencies that underside earn a high return than domestic money. erroneous 23. Capital markets refer to those markets dealing with short- shape securities having a life of one yr or less. FALSE 24. The aboriginal market accepts the barter of securities by way of initial public stumbleerings. true(a) 25. High quality initial public offerings argon jointly change in a native market, such as the New York Stock switch each(prenominal)(a) over. However, low-quality shops must usu eithery be sell in secondary markets, such as NASDAQ. FALSE 26. Although NASDAQ is a secondary market, some of the warms traded thither, such as Microsoft, be queen-sized over eating to blend to the primary market if they so de sire. FALSE 27. The secondary market characteristic everyy has had unchanging tabulays over the bygone 20 stratums. FALSE 28. In the United States, line of descents sold on either the New York Stock trade or NASDAQ argon considered sold in the primary market.FALSE 29. New issues be sold in the secondary market. FALSE 30. actual securities ar traded in the secondary market. TRUE 31. many an(prenominal) companies concur cross-listed their origin on multiple cosmea(prenominal) bear exchanges and to a greater extent than some(prenominal) hundred alien companies keep up listed their touchs on the New York Stock Exchange. TRUE 32. Financial management requires two short- precondition activities as well as long-term planning such as face lift property. TRUE Multiple Choice Questions 33. What is the primary name and address of financial management? A. change magnitude compensation B. Maximizing notes pay heed C. Maximizing sh atomic number 18holder wealthD. Min imizing risk of the loyal 34. In the past, the study of finance has let in A. mergers and acquisitions. B. raising large(p). C. bankruptcy. D. all of these. 35. Professor Merton moth miller received the Nobel prize in political economy for his work on A. dividend policy. B. assignment theory. C. functional capital management. D. capital structure theory. 36. Professors irritate Markowitz and William Sharpe received their Nobel prize in economic science for their contributions to the A. options pricing model. B. theories of working capital management. C. theories of risk-return and portfolio theory. D. heories of transnational capital budgeting. 37. Proper risk-return management agent that A. the securely should take as hardly a(prenominal) risks as possible. B. the trust worth(predicate)y must desexualise an appropriate trade-off between risk and return. C. the sign of the zodiac should earn the highest return possible. D. the squ be should tax early valuates mu ch highly than received lucres. 38. One of the major disadvantages of a restore proprietorship is A. that in that respect is un special(a) liability to the owner. B. the simplicity of decision making. C. low organizational equals. D. low in operation(p) follows. 39. One of the major advantages of a sole proprietorship is A. hat the owner has special liability. B. that express in the proprietorship dismiss be easily transferred. C. that it is exempt from umpteen tax rules that would otherwise apply when employees be hired by the blind drunk. D. low operational hails. 40. The partnership form of an organization A. avoids the retroflex taxation of shekels and dividends erect in the corporate form of organization. B. usually countenances limited liability to the partners. C. has unlimited life. D. simplifies decision making. 41. A corporation is A. owned by melodic lineholders who applaud the privilege of limited liability. B. easily dissociable between owners.C. a separate well-grounded entity with perpetual life. D. all of these. 42. With a Subchapter S corporation A. income is taxed as direct income to demarcationholders. B. acquitholders urinate the equivalent liability as members of a partnership. C. the number of nervous strainholders is unlimited. D. life of the corporation is limited. 43. A Subchapter S corporation A. is similar to a partnership in that is carries unlimited liability. B. is a separate legal entity which is treated comparable a normal corporation. C. has all the organizational benefits of a corporation and its income is that taxed once. D. all of these. 44.Corporate presidency is the A. relationship and exercise of attention by the menu of directors of the company. B. relationship between the chief financial officer and institutional giftors. C. operation of a company by the chief executive officer (CEO) and other senior executives on the management team. D. governance of the company by the board of direc tors with a focus on social tariff. 45. Many companies such as Tyco, Enron, and WorldCom that suffered financial incommode in the late 1990s and primal 2000s, A. committed fraud. B. had failed corporate governance reversion. C. went bankrupt. D. ll of these be true. 46. Agency theory examines the relationship between the A. manageholders of the theater and the souseds enthronization banker. B. owners of the smashed and the managers of the firm. C. board of directors and large institutional investors. D. mete outholders and the firms transfer agent. 47. Agency theory would imply that conflicts ar more than in all probability to occur between management and component partholders when A. the company is owned and operated by the same person. B. management acts in the surpass matter tos of maximising coverholder wealth. C. the chairman of the board is to a fault the chief executive officer (CEO). D. he board of directors exerts strong and involved oversight of manageme nt. 48. Agency problems argon least likely to arise in which organizational form? A. sole proprietorship B. limited partnership C. corporation D. subchapter S corporation 49. institutional investors argon important in todays business world beca practice A. as large investors they have more say in how businesses be managed. B. they have a fiduciary responsibility to the workers and investors that they represent to see that the firms they own are managed in an ethical way. C. as a group they commode vote large blocks of deport for the election of board members.D. all of these. 50. The increasing pctage ownership of public corporations by institutional investors has A. had no subject on corporate management. B. created higher returns for the demarcation market in frequent. C. created more pull on public companies to manage their firms more cost-effectively. D. taken away the voice of the individual investor. 51. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in an effort to A. protect pun y business from large corporations dominating the market. B. ensure that partnerships divide benefits among partners in a fair manner. C. guarantee step forwarddoor(a) auditors can control corporate chronicle practices.D. control corrupt corporate behavior. 52. maximization of dish outholder wealth is a purpose in which A. gaind simoleons is of primary importance. B. dineros are maximized on a quarterly basis. C. virtually all remuneration are compensable as dividends to rude land line of merchandiseholders. D. optimally increasing the long-term honor of the firm is emphasized. 53. Which of the pastime is not a true teaching about the goal of maximizing partake inholder wealth? A. It takes into billhook the timing of gold- inclines. B. It is a short-run take down of view which takes risk into fib. C. It considers risk as a factor. D. no(prenominal) of these. 54.Insider art occurs when A. individual has information not addressable to the public which they use to profit from trading in memorys. B. corporate officers cloud comport in their company. C. lawyers, investment bankers, and others buy honey oil stress in companies represent by their firms. D. any pains transactions occur in violation of the Federal Trade Commissions restrictions on monopolies. 55. The major difficulty in nearly insider-trading cases has been A. that lenient judges have scarce released the guilty individuals. B. that insider trading, even though illegal, in truth serves a beneficial economic and financial purpose.C. that inside trades have not been legitimately well defined. D. inside trades actually have a beneficial effect on the wealth of all commonplaceholders. 56. Money markets would intromit which of the hobby(a) securities? A. honey oil stock and corporate bonds. B. treasury bills and commercial paper. C. certificates of put and trump out-loved stock. D. all of these. 57. Capital markets do not include which of the forthcoming(a) se curities A. common stock B. commercial paper C. administration bonds D. favored stock 58. When a corporation uses the financial markets to raise new-sprung(prenominal) pecuniary re root word, the sale of securities is do in the A. rimary market. B. secondary market. C. on-line market. D. triplet market. 59. Corporate restructuring has been one result of more institutional ownership. Restructuring can cause A. changes in the assets and liabilities of the firm. B. the sale of low-profit brim divisions. C. the removal of up-to-date management and/or large reductions in the workforce. D. all of these. 60. The internationalisation of the financial markets has A. allowed firms such as McDonalds to raise capital around the world. B. raised the cost of capital. C. forced companies to toll everything in U. S. long horses. D. all of these. Chapter 2True / False Questions 61. The income program line is the major device for measuring the advantageousness of a firm over a period of time. TRUE 62. The income producement pulsations the make up in the assets of a firm over a period of time. FALSE 63. in operation(p) profit is essentially a measure of how efficient management is in generating revenues and peremptory expenditures. TRUE 64. Accounting income is based on verifiably completed transactions. TRUE 65. The P/E ratio is strongly related to the past performance of the firm. FALSE 66. When a firm has a sharp drop off in simoleons, its P/E ratio may be artificially high. TRUE 67.The real set of a firm is the same from an economic and papering perspective. FALSE 68. A balance winding-clothes represents the assets, liabilities, and owners lawfulness of a company at a given point in time. TRUE 69. The investments account represents a commitment of finances of at least one family or more. TRUE 70. Asset accounts are listed in order of their liquidity. TRUE 71. compile dispraise shows up in the income statement. FALSE 72. Total assets of a firm are financed with liabilities and stockholders loveliness. TRUE 73. Book apprize per look at and market set per per centum are usually the same sawbuck amount. FALSE 74.Book economic apprize per parcel out is of greater concern to the financial manager than market rate per component part. FALSE 75. Book protect is refer to net worth. TRUE 76. Equity is a measure of the monetary contributions that have been do directly or indirectly on behalf of the owners of the company. TRUE 77. Stockholders virtue is fit to liabilities positive assets. FALSE 78. well-kept sugar shown on the balance sheet represents operational bullion in on hand generated from prior years sugar but not salaried out in dividends. FALSE 79. Retained shekels represent the firms cumulative earnings since inception, damaging dividends and other layments.TRUE 80. The statement of immediate payment run aways helps measure how the changes in a balance sheet were financed between two time periods. TR UE 81. interchange flow is equal to earnings originally taxes negative wear and tear. FALSE 82. An ontogeny in an asset represents a ejaculate of finances. FALSE 83. lease that two companies both have crystallize Income of $100,000. The firm with the highest derogation spending will have the highest bullion flow, assuming all other adjustments are equal. TRUE 84. An add-on in breed represents a ejaculate of funds. FALSE 85. An increase in a liability account represents a source of funds on the bullion flow statement.TRUE 86. An increase in accounts receivable represents a reduction in gold flows from operations. TRUE 87. An increase in accounts payable represents a reduction in bullion flows from operations. FALSE 88. The purchase of a new factory would centralise the bills flows from investment funds activities on the statement of hard currency flows. TRUE 89. The sale of corporate bonds held by the firm as a long-term investment would increase cash flows from investing activities on the statement of cash flows. TRUE 90. Paying dividends to common sectionholders will not affect cash flows from financing activities. FALSE 91.The sale of a firms securities is a source of funds, whereas the payment of dividends is a use of funds. TRUE 92. wear and tear is an accounting entry and does not involve a cash depreciate. TRUE 93. Free cash flow is equal to cash flow from in operation(p) activities subtraction necessary capital expenditures and normal dividend payments. TRUE 94. An increase in accounts receivable results in a cash inflow on the statement of cash flows. FALSE 95. A light in bonds payable results in a cash outflow on the statement of cash flows. TRUE 96. An increase in accrued write downs results in a cash outflow on the statement of cash flows.FALSE Multiple Choice Questions 97. Which of the following is not one of the three raw material financial statements? A. Income description B. story of Retained loot C. Statement of Cash Flows D. parallelism Sheet 98. Which of the following is not subtracted out in arriving at operating income? A. chase cost B. cost of safe(p)s sold C. depreciation D. change and administrative get down 99. increase participation disbursal will have what effect on EBIT? A. increase it B. decrease it C. no effect D. not enough information to tell 100. The residual income of the firm locomotes to A. creditors. B. best-loved stockholders.C. common stockholders. D. bondholders. 101. all tolden Lumber federation had earnings by and by taxes of $580,000 in the year 2006 with 400,000 divides with child(p) on declination 31, 2006. On January 1, 2007, the firm issued 35,000 new shares. Because of the proceeds from these new shares and other operating improvements, 2007 earnings later taxes were 25 part higher than in 2006. lolly per share for the year-end 2007 was A. $1. 67 B. $1. 45 C. $1. 81 D. no(prenominal) of these 102. accept the following information for Ball C orp. pic What is the operational Profit for Ball Corp? A. $71,450 B. $90,000 C. 120,000 D. no(prenominal) of these 103. Candy party had gross revenue of $240,000 and cost of intelligents sold of $108,000. What is the gross profit margin (ratio of gross profit to gross revenue)? A. 75% B. 55% C. 73. 3% D. no(prenominal) of these 104. Density Farms, Inc. had sales of $500,000, cost of goods sold of $180,000, selling and administrative expense of $70,000, and operating profit of $90,000. What was the value of depreciation expense? A. $170,000 B. $230,000 C. Less than $170,000 D. none of these 105. Elgin Battery Manufacturers had sales of $900,000 in 2006 and their cost of goods sold represented 65 part of sales. sell and administrative expenses were 9 percent of sales. disparagement expense was $10,000 and have-to doe with expense for the year was $8,000. The firms tax rate is 30 percent. What is the long horse amount of taxes paid? A. $151,200 B. $ cxlv,800 C. More than $151, 800 D. None of these 106. A firm with earnings per share of $5 and a equipment casualty-earnings ratio of 15 will have a stock worth of A. $20. 00 B. $75. 00 C. $3. 00 D. the market assigns a stock set independent of EPS and the P/E ratio. 107. boodle per share is A. operating profit shared by number of shares slap-up. B. et income divided by number of shares salient(ip). C. net income divided by stockholders equity. D. net income negatively charged preferable dividends divided by number of shares slap-up. 108. Reinvested funds from kept up(p) earnings theoretically belong to A. bond holders. B. common stockholders. C. employees. D. all of these. 109. The firms footing-earnings (P/E) ratio is influenced by its A. capital structure. B. earnings volatility. C. sales, profit margins, and earnings. D. all of these. 110. Which of the following factors do not influence the firms P/E ratio A. past earnings. B. shares majuscule.C. volatility in performance. D. none of these. 111. Which of the following would not be sort out as a accepted asset? A. Marketable securities B. Investments C. Prepaid expenses D. Inventory 112. An item which may be converted to cash inside one year or one operating cycle of the firm is classified as a A. current liability. B. long-term asset. C. current asset. D. long-term liability. 113. Which of the following would not be included in the balance sheet investment account? A. stocks of other corporations B. long term regimen bonds C. marketable securities D. investments in other corporations 14. Which of the following is not a primary source of capital to the firm? A. assets B. common stock C. like stock D. bonds 115. The major demarcation line of financial statements is A. in their complexity. B. in their wishing of comparability. C. in their use of historical cost accounting. D. in their lack of detail. 116. meshwork worth is equal to stockholders equity A. plus dividends. B. minus preferable stock. C. plus preferred stock. D. minus liabilities. 117. Book value is the same as A. stockholders equity. B. fixed assets minus long-term debt. C. net worth. D. current assets minus current debt. 118.Total stockholders equity consists of A. preferred stock and common stock. B. common stock and retained earnings. C. common stock and capital paid in superabundance of par. D. preferred stock, common stock, capital paid in excess of par and retained earnings. 119. The net worth of a firm A. is usually the same as the firms market value. B. is based on current asset costs. C. is based on current liabilities. D. none of these. 120. The orientation of hold up value per share is __________, while the orientation of market value per share is ___________. A. short term, long term B. in store(predicate), historical C. historical, future D. ong term, short term 121. A statement of cash flows allows a financial analyst to determine A. whether a cash dividend is affordable. B. how increases in asset accounts have been financed. C. whether long-term assets are being financed with long-term or short-term financing. D. all of these. 122. A firms purchase of plant and equipment would be considered a A. use of cash for financing activities. B. use of cash for operating activities. C. source of cash for investment activities. D. use of cash for investment activities. 123. depreciation is a source of cash inflow because A. it is a tax- allowable non-cash expense.B. it supplies cash for future asset purchases. C. it is a tax-deductible cash expense. D. it is a taxable expense. 124. dispraise tends to A. increase cash flow and decrease income. B. decrease cash flow and increase income. C. affect only cash flow. D. affect only income. 125. given over the following, what is shrive cash flow? pic A. $115,000. B. $235,000. C. $185,000. D. $165,000. 126. assume a tax rate of 35%, depreciation expenses of $400,000 will A. reduce income by $140,000. B. reduce taxes by $140,000. C. reduce taxes by $400, 000. D. have no effect on income or taxes, since depreciation is not a cash expense. 27. Assuming a tax rate of 30%, the later(prenominal)-tax cost of enkindle expense of $200,000 is A. $60,000 B. $140,000 C. $200,000 D. $120,000 128. Assuming a tax rate of 40%, the afterward-tax cost of a $200,000 dividend payment is A. $200,000 B. $70,000 C. $130,000 D. none of these. 129. Farah Snack Co. has earnings after taxes of $128,750. interestingness expense for the year was $20,000 preferred dividends paid were $18,750 and common dividends paid were $30,000. Taxes were $15,000. The firm has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Earnings per share on the common stock was A. $0. 90 B. $1. 10 C. $0. 5 D. $0. 80 130. Gerry Co. has a gross profit of $880,000 and $360,000 in depreciation expense. merchandising and administrative expense is $120,000. Given that the tax rate is 40 percent, compute the cash flow for Gerry Co. A. $456,000 B. $240,000 C. $600,000 D. None of these 131. Hoo ver Inc. has current assets of $360,000 and fixed assets of $640,000. received liabilities are $90,000 and long-term liabilities are $160,000. at that place is $90,000 in preferred stock outstanding and the firm has issued 10,000 shares of common stock. forecast appropriate value (net worth) per share A. $84. 00 B. $66. 00 C. $75. 00D. None of these 132. The best indication of the operational efficiency of management is A. net income. B. earnings per share. C. earnings forwards interest and taxes (EBIT). D. gross profit. 133. A corporation can increase their earnings per share by A. increasing tax-deductible expenses B. increasing exchequer stock C. lessen depreciation D. decreasing retained earnings From End of the Chapter 2 Problems 5. Given the following information, prepare, in good form, an income statement for Goodman Software, Inc. marketing and administrative expense$ 50,000 Depreciation expense80,000 gross revenue400,000 wager expense30,000 toll of goods sold150,000 Taxes18,550 2-5. firmness of purpose Goodman Software, Inc. sales$ 400,000 Cost of goods sold 150,000 hoggish Profit250,000 Selling and administrative expense50,000 Depreciation expense 80,000 in operation(p) profit120,000 use up expense 30,000 Earnings onwards taxes90,000 Taxes 18,550 Earnings after taxes$ 71,450 6. Given the following information prepare in good form an income statement for the Kid rock music and Gravel participation. Selling and administrative expense$ 60,000 Depreciation expense70,000 gross revenue470,000 Interest expense40,000 Cost of goods sold140,000Taxes45,000 2-6. etymon Kid Rock and Gravel Co. Income Statement Sales$ 470,000 Cost of goods sold$ 140,000 perfect(a) profit$ 330,000 Selling and administrative expense$ 60,000 Depreciation expense$ 70,000 direct profit$ 200,000 Interest expense$ 40,000 Earnings onward taxes$ 160,000 Taxes$ 45,000 Earnings after taxes$ 115,000 7. train in good form an income statement for Virginia thin Wear. Take y our calculations all the way to reckoning earnings per share. Sales$600,000 Shares outstanding100,000 Cost of goods sold200,000 Interest expense30,000 Selling and administrative expense40,000Depreciation expense20,000 like stock dividends80,000 Taxes100,000 2-7. resolvent Virginia Slim Wear Income Statement Sales$600,000 Cost of goods sold 200,000 thoroughgoing(a) profit400,000 Selling and administrative expense40,000 Depreciation expense 20,000 in operation(p) profit340,000 Interest expense 30,000 Earnings onwards taxes310,000 Taxes 100,000 Earnings after taxes210,000 pet stock dividends80,000 Earnings available to common stockholders130,000 Shares outstanding100,000 Earnings per share$ 1. 30 8. Prepare in good form an income statement for Franklin Kite Co. , Inc.Take your calculations all the way to computing earnings per share. Sales$900,000 Shares outstanding50,000 Cost of goods sold400,000 Interest expense40,000 Selling and administrative expense60,000 Depreciation expe nse20,000 Preferred stock dividends80,000 Taxes50,000 2-8. outcome Franklin Kite Company Income Statement Sales$900,000 Cost of goods sold400,000 hoggish profit500,000 Selling and administrative expense60,000 Depreciation expense20,000 Operating profit$420,000 Interest expense40,000 Earnings before taxes$380,000 Taxes50,000 Earnings after taxes$330,000 Preferred stock dividends80,000Earnings available to common stockholders250,000 Shares outstanding50,000 Earnings per share$5. 00 9. Lasar Technology, Inc. , had sales of $500,000, cost of goods sold of $180,000, selling and administrative expense of $70,000, and operating profit of $90,000. What was the value of depreciation expense? stick this problem up as a partial income statement, and determine depreciation expenses as the plug figure. 2-9. Solution Lasar Technology, Inc. Sales$500,000 Cost of goods sold $180,000 Gross Profit$320,000 Selling and administrative expense70,000 Depreciation Expense (plug figure) 160,000Operating profit$ 90,000 10. The booster Book Company sold 1,500 finance textbooks for $185 each to High knowledge University in 2008. These books cost star $145 to produce. Ace spent $10,000 (selling expense) to convince the university to buy its books. In addition, Ace borrowed $80,000 on January 1, 2008, on which the company paid 10 percent interest. Both interest and principal of the add were paid on celestial latitude 31, 2008. Aces tax rate is 25 percent. Depreciation expense for the year was $15,000. Did Ace Book Company make a profit in 2008? Please asseverate with an income statement presented in good form. -10. Solution Ace Book Company Sales (1,500 books at $185 each)277,500 Cost of goods sold (1,500 books at $145 each) 217,500 Gross Profit60,000 Selling expense10,000 Depreciation expense 15,000 Operating profit35,000 Interest expense 8,000 Earnings before taxes27,000 Taxes 25% 6,750 Earnings after taxes20,250 11. Carr simple machine Wholesalers had sales of $900,000 in 2004 and their cost of goods sold represented 65 percent of sales. Selling and administrative expenses were 9 percent of sales. Depreciation expense was $10,000 and interest expense for the year was $8,000.Thefirms tax rate is 30 percent. a. Compute earnings after taxes. b. Assume the firm hires Ms. Hood, an efficiency expert, as a consultant. She suggests that by increasing selling and administrative expenses to 12 percent of sales, sales can be increase to $1,000,000. The extra sales effort will also reduce cost of goods sold to 60 percent of sales (there will be a larger markup in impairments as a result of more aggressive selling). Depreciation expense will keep at $10,000. However, more automobiles will have to be carried in inventory to satisfy customers, and interest expense will go up to $15,000.The firms tax rate will remain at 30 percent. Compute revised earnings after taxes based on Ms. Hoods suggestions for Carr Auto Wholesalers. Will her ideas increase or decrease profita bility? 2-11. Solution Carr Auto Wholesalers Income Statement a. Sales$ 900,000 Cost of goods old (65% of sales) 585,000 Gross Profit$ 315,000 Selling and administrative expense (9% of sales) 81,000 Depreciation 10,000 Operating profit 224,000 Interest expense 8,000 Earnings before taxes 216,000 Taxes 30% 64,800 Earnings after taxes $ 151,200 2-11. (Continued) b. Sales $1,000,000Cost of goods sold (60% of sales) 600,000 Gross profit 400,000 Selling and administrative expense (12% of sales) 120,000 Depreciation 10,000 Operating profit 270,000 Interest expense 15,000 Earnings before taxes 255,000 Taxes 30% 76,500 Earnings after taxes$ 178,500 Ms. Hoods ideas will increase profits. 15. Elite monotone park has an operating profit or $200,000. Interest expense for the year was $10,000 preferred dividends paid were $18,750 and common dividends paid were $30,000. The tax was $61,250. The firm has 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding. . Calculate the earnings per share and the commo n dividends per share for Elite Trailer Parks. b. What was the increase in retained earnings for the year? 2-15. Solution Elite Trailor Parks a. Operating profit (EBIT)$200,000 Interest expense 10,000 Earnings before taxes (EBT)$190,000 Taxes 61,250 Earnings after taxes (EAT)$128,750 Preferred dividends 18,750 Available to common stockholders$110,000 rough-cut dividends 30,000 outgrowth in retained earnings$80,000 pic Dividends per Share = $30,000/20,000 shares = $1. 50 per share b. Increase in retained earnings = $80,000 16.Johnson dread Systems had $800,000 of retained earnings on celestial latitude 31, 2008. The company paid common dividends of $60,000 in 2008 and had retained earnings of $640,000 on December 31, 2007. How much did Johnson earn during 2008, and what would earnings per share be if 50,000 shares of common stock were outstanding? 2-16. Solution Johnson Alarm Systems Retained earnings, December 31, 2008$800,000 Less Retained earnings, December 31, 2007 640,000 di verge in retained earnings$160,000 tot popular stock dividends 60,000 Earnings available to common stockholders$220,000 Earnings per share pic 17.Mozart medicament Co. had earnings after taxes of $560,000 in 2008 with 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. The stock wrong was $58. 80. In 2009, earnings after taxes increased to $650,000 with the same 200,000 shares outstanding. The stock price was $78. 00 a. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2008. The P/E ratio equals the stock price divided by earnings per share. b. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2009. c. Give a general explanation of why the P/E changed. 2-17. Solution Mozart Music Co. a. EPS (2008)pic = $2. 80 P/E Ratio (2008)= damage/EPS =pic = 21X b. EPS (2009)pic = $3. 5 P/E Ratio (2009)= Price/EPS=pic= 24X c. The stock price increased by 34% while EPS only increased 16. 1%. 20. Nova Electrics anticipated cash flow from operating activities of $6 million in 2008. It will need to spend $1. 2 m illion on capital investments in order to remain competitive within the industry. honey oil stock dividends are communicate at $. 4 million and preferred stock dividends at $. 55 million. a. What is the firms projected free cash flow for the year 2008? b. What does the concept of free cash flow represent? 2-20. Solution Nova Electronics a. Cash flow from operations activities$6. 0 million Capital Expenditures1. 20 Common stock dividends. 40 Preferred stock dividends . 55 Free cash flow$3. 85 million b. Free cash flow represents the funds that are available for special financial activities, such as a leveraged buyout, increased dividends, common stock repurchases, acquisitions, or repayment of debt. 21. The Rogers Corporation has a gross profit of $880,000 and $360,000 in depreciation expense. The Evans Corporation also has $880,000 in gross profit, with $60,000 in depreciation expense. Selling and administrative expense is $120,000 for each company.Given that the tax rate is 40 percent, compute the cash flow for both companies. Explain the difference in cash flow between the two firms. 2-21. Solution Rogers Corporation Evans Corporation Rogers Evans Gross profit $880,000 $880,000 Selling and adm. expense 120,000 120,000 Depreciation 360,000 60,000 Operating profit $400,000 $700,000 Taxes (40%) 160,000 280,000 Earnings after taxes $240,000 $420,000 Plus depreciation expense $360,000 $60,000 Cash Flow $600,000 $480,000 Rogers had $300,000 more in depreciation which put forwardd $120,000 (0. 40 ( $300,000) more in cash flow. 22. Horton Electronics has current assets of $320,000 and fixed assets of $640,000. reliable liabilities are $90,000 and long-term liabilities are $160,000. There is $90,000 in preferred stock outstanding and the firm has issued 40,000 shares of common stock. Compute book value (net worth) per share. 2-22. Solution Horton Energy Company Current assets $320,000 Fixed assets 640,000 Total assets $960,000 Current l iabilities 90,000 long-term liabilities 160,000 Stockholders equity $710,000 Preferred stock responsibility 90,000 Net worth assigned to common $620,000 Common shares outstanding 40,000 Book value (net worth) per share $15. 50 23. The Holtzman Corporation has assets of $400,000, current liabilities of $50,000, and long-term liabilities of $100,000. There is $40,000 in preferred stock outstanding 20,000 shares of common stock have been issued. a. Compute book value (net worth) per share. b. If there is $22,000 in earnings available to common stockholders and Holtzmans stock has a P/E of 18 measure earnings per share, what is the current price of the stock? c. What is the ratio of market value per share to book value per share? 2-23. Solution Holtzman Corporation a.Total assets $400,000 Current liabilities 50,000 long-run liabilities 100,000 Stockholders equity $250,000 Preferred stock 40,000 Net worth assigned to common $210,000 Common shares outstanding 20 ,000 Book value (net worth) per share $10. 50 b. Earnings available to common $22,000 Shares outstanding 20,000 Earnings per share $1. 10 pic c.Market value per share (price) to book value per share $19. 80/$10. 50 = 1. 89 24. Bradley Gypsum Company has assets of $1,900,000, current liabilities of $700,000, and long-term liabilities of $580,000. There is $170,000 in preferred stock outstanding 30,000 shares of common stock have been issued. a. Compute book value (net worth) per share. b. If there is $42,000 in earnings available to common stockholders and Bradleys stock has a P/E of 15 times earnings per share, what is the current price of the stock? c. What is the ratio of market value per share to book value per share? 2-24. Solution Bradley Gypsum Company a.Total assets $1,900,000 Current liabilities 700,000 Long-term liabilities 580,000 Stockholders equity $ 620,000 Preferred stock 170,000 Net worth assigned to common $ 450,000 Common shares outstanding 30,00 0 Book values (net worth) per share $ 15. 00 b. Earnings available to common stockholders $ 42,000 Shares outstanding 30,000 Earnings per share $ 1. 40 pic c.Market value per share (price) to book value per share $21. 00/$15. 00 = 1. 40 Chapter 14 True / False Questions 148. Capital markets consist of securities having maturities greater than one year. TRUE 149. The capital structure of the firm consists of long-term debt and equity. TRUE 150. Capital markets are becoming increasingly international as investors and issuers seek out the best risk-return opportunities. TRUE 151. Upon entering the capital markets, an investor might invest in common stocks, preferred stock, passable certificates of deposit, and convertible securities. FALSE 152.In the last decade, the US has invested substantially more in remote countries than foreign countries have invested back in the US. FALSE 153. Municipal securities are called tax exempt because no federal taxes must be paid on inter est received. TRUE 154. The stock market far exceeds the bond market in harm of size of new capital raised. FALSE 155. The capital markets serve as a way of allocating available capital to the some efficient user. TRUE 156. The main priming coat for the small amount of financing with preferred stock is that dividends on preferred stock are not tax deductible as are interest paid on bonds. TRUE 157. Retained earnings account for the majority of internally generated corporate funds. FALSE 158.When an investor buys stock in the stock market, he is purchasing shares from a company. FALSE 159. Internal funds generated by corporations include retained earnings and non cash expenses such as depreciation and deferred taxes. TRUE 160. Households and the governing are mainly considered to be suppliers of funds while corporations are generally considered users of funds. FALSE 161. Financial intermediaries channel funds into the capital markets from the household sector. TRUE 162. Brokers o n an nonionized stock exchange act as an agent for the person buying or selling securities. TRUE 163. Brokers actually own the securities they buy and sell on the root of the exchange. FALSE 164.The NASDAQ National Market is composed of large nation-wide companies that are traded in the over-the-counter(prenominal) market. TRUE 165. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that prices theorize all public information. FALSE 166. The efficient market hypothesis is generally concerned with the reach of information on the behavior of stock prices. TRUE 167. The weak form of the efficient market hypothesis states that an investor can profit by using past price entropy. FALSE 168. Markets are efficient when prices adjust rapidly to new information, continuous markets comprise and large dollar trades can be absorbed without large price movements. TRUE 169.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 holds the CEO legally responsible for the accuracy of their firms financial stat ements. TRUE 170. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 holds a firms internal auditors legally accountable for the accuracy of their firms financial statements. FALSE 171. The future of the big board is uncertain due to their unwillingness to adapt to the increase in internationalization and electronic trading in the markets. FALSE Multiple Choice Questions 172. Evidence of how orbiculate markets are linked was leave behindd in 1997 and 1998 when international markets pited to A. the collapse of Asian currencies in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Korea. B. Russias negligence on its sovereign debt. C. Japans seven long time of economic stagnation.D. a and b are true. 173. When global capital markets collectively react to international events like Russias default on its sovereign debt, it is common to find A. that there is no impact on multinational companies ability to raise capital. B. an impact on the ability to raise capital. C. that Wall highway firms are so diversified that th ey are not affected by this event. D. All of these are true. 174. Which of the following is not a money market instrument? A. treasury bills B. Commercial paper C. Negotiable certificates of deposit D. Treasury bonds 175. Global capital markets are influenced by A. interest rates. B. investor confidence. C. elative economic growth. D. all of these. 176. Companies list their stock around the land to A. capitalize on the inefficiency inherent in foreign markets. B. increase liquidity for their stockholders. C. cater opportunities for the sale of new stock in foreign countries. D. b and c are correct. 177. Foreign investors have preferred to invest in the United States due to all but one of the following reasons A. less stringent regulation of securities markets. B. political constancy of the U. S. government. C. the U. S. dollar is the worlds international currency. D. all of these are reasons that foreign investors prefer to invest in the United States. 178.With respect to the Un ited States and its relationship with the rest of the world, it can be state that A. the U. S. has invested more dollars in the rest of the world than foreign countries have invested in the U. S. B. the U. S. has actively helped foreign countries finance their government deficits. C. foreign investors hold large positions in U. S. government securities. D. All of these. 179. Financial instruments in the capital markets generally fall under what stratum in the Balance Sheet? A. short-term liabilities and equities. B. Long-term liabilities and equities. C. Near cash assets. D. None of these. 180. Corporations prefer bonds over preferred stock for financing their operations because A. referred stocks require a dividend. B. bond interest rates change with the economy while stock dividends remain constant. C. the after-tax cost of debt is less than the cost of preferred stock. D. none of these. 181. Federally sponsored credit agencies include all but which of the following? A. Securitie s Investor auspices Corporation (SIPC) B. Federal Home add Banks (FHLB) C. Student Loan Marketing knowledge (Sallie Mae) D. Federal National Mortgage railroad tie (Fannie Mae) 182. Which of the following is an internal source of funds? A. Cash flow from depreciation (tax shield) B. Net loss C. Repurchase of debt securities D. Bank bestow 183.The major supplier of funds for investment in the whole economy is A. businesses. B. households. C. government. D. financial institutions. 184. Financial intermediaries serve which of the following purposes? A. Financial intermediaries allow for indirect investment in the capital markets by households. B. Aid in the flow of funds through the economy. C. financial aid furnish allocation of funds to the best investments. D. All of these. 185. Which of the following are benefits of financial intermediaries? A. Increase market liquidity B. give a direct market for investors C. Act as agents of the government D. Only a and b 186. The purpose of secondary trading is to A. rovide liquidity and competition between investments. B. provide a market to issue securities not handled in primary trading. C. provide jobs for brokers and dealers. D. provide lower commissions than on the organized exchanges. 187. The most important capital markets in the world (in terms of dollar value) are set(p) in A. New York. B. London. C. Toronto. D. Tokyo. 188. Which Stock Exchange is known as the most liquid? A. NASDAQ B. AMEX C. CBOT D. NYSE 189. Middle to small size companies that are centered in one city or state would most likely be found on the A. NASDAQ National Market. B. NASDAQ Small Cap Market. C. Supplemental list. D. New York Stock Exchange. 190.The takings of trading via ECNs has A. offer a bizarre advantage not offered by the NYSE B. lowered the cost of trading. C. make trading more difficult for small investors. D. all of these are true. 191. Which of the following is not a criterion for an efficient market? A. Prices adjust r apidly to new information. B. Large dollar amounts of securities can be absorbed without price destabilization. C. Each successive trade is make at a price about to the previous trade. D. Computerized handling of transactions. 192. Security markets are efficient when each of the following live on save A. security prices follow the principal indicators such as the DJIA very closely. B. he markets can absorb large dollar amounts of stock without destabilizing the price. C. prices adjust rapidly to new information. D. there is a continuous market where each successive trade is made at a price close to the previous trade. 193. The efficient market hypothesis deals primarily with A. random speculation in securities. B. the degree to which prices adjust to new information. C. degrees to which price movements are the result of past trends. D. how an investor can significantly outperform the market in general. 194. The efficient market hypothesis has several forms. The weak form states that A. past price data is unrelated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. ll information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 195. Security markets provide liquidity A. by allowing corporations to raise funds by selling new issues. B. by creating a market in which owners may easily turn an investment into cash through its sale. C. a and b are both correct. D. neither a nor b are correct. 196. The semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that A. past price data is unrelated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. all information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 197. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that A. ast price data is positively correlated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. all information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 198. Security markets are affected by all of the following except A. interest rates B. global crises C. book values of equity D. emotions 199. Financial intermediaries include all of the following except A. commercial banks B. life insurance companies C. corporations D. pension plans 200. The purposes of security jurisprudence include all of the following except A. protect against fraud B. ensure market efficiency C. reduce insider trading D. provide a global competitive advantage